Bingqi Fu1 · Yu Yu1 · Sijing Cheng1 · Hao Huang1 · Tianxin Long1 · Juweig Yang1 · Min Gu1 · Chi Cai1 · Xuhua Chen1 · Hongxia Niu1 · Wei Hua
Received: 23 February 2024 / Accepted: 11 June 2024 / Published online: 19 June 2024 © The Author(s) 2024
Abstract
Background The prognostic value of triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is not yet known for older diabetic patients received right ventricular pacing (RVP). We aimed to investigate the association between TyG index and the risk of heart failure hospitalization (HFH) in older diabetic patients received RVP.
Methods This study was conducted between January 2017 and January 2018 at Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China, and included older (age≥65 years) diabetic patients that received RVP for the first time. TyG index were obtained before implantation. The primary endpoint was HFH.
Results A total of 231 patients were divided into three groups according to the tertiles of TyG index:<8.5 (T1, N=77), 8.5–9.1 (T2, N=77), and>9.1 (T3, N=77). T3 group had higher rate of HFH (Log-rank=11.7, P=0.003). Multivariate analyses showed that, TyG index served as an independent predictor for HFH, both as numerical variable (HR=1.94, 95% CI 1.21–3.11, P=0.006), and as categorical variable (HR=2.31, 95% CI 1.09–4.89, P=0.03). RCS demonstrated that the risk of HFH was relatively low until TyG index exceeded 8.8, beyond which the risk began to increase rapidly (P-non-linear=0.006).
Conclusion Preimplantation TyG index emerges as a robust, independent predictor for HFH in older diabetic patients received RVP, and TyG index>8.8 might be the optimal cut-off value.
Keywords Triglyceride-glucose index · Older · Diabetes · Right ventricular pacing
Abbreviations
AF Atrial fibrillation
CABG Coronary artery bypass grafting
CKD Chronic kidney disease
CVD Cardiovascular disease
eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate
FBG Fasting blood glucose
HbA1C Hemoglobin A1C
HDL-C High-density lipoprotein cholesterol
HEC Hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp
HF Heart failure
HFH Heart failure hospitalization
HOMA-IR Homeostasis model assessment of insulin
resistance
IR Insulin resistance
LDL-C Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
LVEF Left ventricular ejection fraction
NT-proBNP N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide
PCI Percutaneous coronary intervention
PPMI Permanent pacemaker implantation
RCS Restricted cubic splines
RVP Right ventricular pacing
T2DM Type 2 diabetes mellitus
TC Total cholesterol
TyG index Triglyceride-glucose index
Dirk Lund Christensen1 · Cathrine Olesen Emborg1,2 · Kaushik Laxmidas Ramaiya3 · Venance Philip Maro4 · Ib Christian Bygbjerg1 · Joseph Sironga4,5 · Jens Juul Holst6 · Kajiru Kilonzo4 · Bolette Hartmann6 · Flemming Dela6,7 · Steen Larsen6,8 · Jørn Wulff Helge6
Received: 13 September 2025 / Accepted: 26 April 2026 © The Author(s) 2026
Aims Rural, agro-pastoralist Maasai in East Africa exhibit low prevalence of diabetes, yet little is known about their physi-ological response to glucose loads and whether sex has an impact on glucose metabolism, including incretin hormones.
Methods We included 58 (29 men, 29 women) adult Maasai without diabetes living in rural Tanzania. Clinical background characteristics were measured, and they were exposed to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) after an overnight fast. Plasma glucose, insulin/C-peptide, glucagon, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and glucagon-like pep-tide-1 (GLP-1) were analysed.
Results Mean age was 34.8 (range 17–65) years, and mean body mass index (BMI) was 20.3 (range 14.0-30.9) kg/m2 with two individuals being overweight and 14 being underweight. Men had a higher mean fasting glucose concentration (5.2 vs. 4.9 mmol/L, p=0.031), while women exhibited a higher OGTT-derived mean GLP-1 concentration at 2-h (8.5 vs. 5.1 pmol/L, p=0.005). Total area-under-the-curve (tAUC) for GLP-1 was higher in women compared to men (1336 vs. 870 pmol x min, p=0.011). Sex- and BMI-adjusted regression analyses for tAUC showed higher values of insulin, C-peptide and GLP-1 in women (p<0.10).
Conclusions Sex differences were found in fasting glucose and OGTT-derived insulin/C-peptide and GLP-1 concentrations. Research using more sophisticated methodology is needed to further explain the glucose metabolism phenotype in Maasai
Keywords Oral glucose tolerance test · Incretin hormones · Sex differences · Maasai · Sub-Saharan Africa
创伤是指由于各种致伤因素导致的机体软组织、骨骼甚至内脏器官等等各个系统的损伤,创伤可以根据发生地点、受伤部位、受伤组织、致伤因素及皮肤完整程度进行分类。 按发生地点分为战争伤、工业伤、农业伤、交通伤、体育伤、生活伤等;按受伤部位分为颅脑创伤、胸部创伤、腹部创伤、各部位的骨折和关节脱位、手部伤等;按受伤类型分为骨折、脱位、脑震荡、器官破裂等;相邻部位同时受伤者称为联合伤(如胸腹联合伤);按受伤的组织或器官分类时,又可按受伤组织的深浅分为软组织创伤、骨关节创伤和内脏创伤。软组织创伤指皮肤、皮下组织和肌肉的损伤,也包括行于其中的血管和神经。单纯的软组织创伤一般较轻,但广泛的挤压伤可致挤压综合征。血管破裂大出血亦可致命。骨关节创伤包括骨折和脱位,并按受伤的骨或关节进一步分类并命名。如股骨骨折、肩关节脱位等。内脏创伤又可按受伤的具体内脏进行分类和命名。如脑挫裂伤、肺挫伤、肝破裂等。同一致伤原因引起两个以上部位或器官的创伤,称为多处伤或多发伤。按致伤因素,分为火器伤、切伤、刺伤、撕裂伤、挤压伤、扭伤、挫伤等。按皮肤完整程度,分为闭合性创伤、开放性创伤等。
伤口世界平台生态圈,以“关爱人间所有伤口患者”为愿景,连接、整合和拓展线上和线下的管理慢性伤口的资源,倡导远程、就近和居家管理慢性伤口,解决伤口专家的碎片化时间的价值创造、诊疗经验的裂变复制、和患者的就近、居家和低成本管理慢性伤口的问题。
2019广东省医疗行业协会伤口管理分会年会
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