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04 9月 2019

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Author : 伤口世界

多年从事糖尿病足的换药处理等工作广东省人民医院内分泌科糖尿病足伤口师，ICW国际慢性伤口协会认证伤口师。广东省医疗行业协会伤口管理分会委员。

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How to promote the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system: A tripartite evolutionary game theory perspective 2026-04-03 00:00

Chunhai Tao1 , Xi Chen2*, Wenji Zheng1*, Zehao Zhang1 , Ruoyan Tao3 , Rui Deng1 and Qizhe Xiong1

1School of Statistics, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, China, 2School of Economics and Management, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China, 3School of Liberal Arts, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China

OPEN ACCESS

EDITED BY

Kui Yi, East China Jiaotong University, China

REVIEWED BY

Yong Wang, Dongbei University of Finance and Economics, China Gang Peng, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, China

*CORRESPONDENCE

Xi Chen 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 Wenji Zheng 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

SPECIALTY SECTION

This article was submitted to Organizational Psychology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychology

RECEIVED 27 October 2022 ACCEPTED 05 December 2022 PUBLISHED 05 January 2023

CITATION

Tao C, Chen X, Zheng W, Zhang Z, Tao R, Deng R and Xiong Q (2023) How to promote the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system: A tripartite evolutionary game theory perspective Frint Psychol. 13:1081562.

doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1081562

COPYRIGHT

© 2023 Tao, Chen, Zheng, Zhang, Tao, Deng and Xiong. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the origina publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

Due to the disorderly access to medical care and inefficient use of health resources, the advancement of the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment is more valued in promoting health system reform. Hence, this article integrates prospect theory into an evolutionary game model of the local government health departments, the medical institutions, and the patients in the system promotion of the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment. The simulation shows the specific influencing mechanism of the psychological perceived value of game subjects. Then by introducing the stochastic evolutionary game model, the system promotion under different medical cultures is also discussed in detail. The results indicate that for local government health departments, the amount and duration of financial subsidies are the key factors influencing the game system’s evolution. For medical institutions, participating in the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system is relatively beneficial. For patients, the recovery rate in primary hospitals matters more than the cost of treatment. Changes in the risk sensitivity coefficient will cause the equilibrium of the game system to change. However, changes in the loss avoidance factor do not change the equilibrium and only have an impact on the speed of convergence. With the health departments’ intervention, patients in rural medical culture are more inclined to support the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system than those in urban or town medical culture. Therefore, in order to promote the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system, this article recommends that more attention should be paid to the regulatory role of health departments and the participation improvement of medical institutions and patients.

KEYWORDS

hierarchical diagnosis and treatment, evolutionary game theory, prospect theory, stochastic disturbance, medical cultures
Natural Compounds as Medical Strategies in the Prevention and Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders Seen in Neurological Diseases 2026-04-02 00:00

Esra Küpeli Akkol 1 *, Irem Tatlı Çankaya2 , Gökçe S¸ eker Karatoprak 3 , Elif Carpar 4 , Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez 5,6 and Raffaele Capasso7

Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey, 3 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey, 4 Department of Psychiatry, Private French La Paix Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey, 5 Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 6 Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, 7 Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Potici, Italy

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Edited by:Anca Oana Docea, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania

Reviewed by: Luigia Trabace, University of Foggia, Italy Vasileios Siokas, University of Thessaly, Greece

*Correspondence: Esra Küpeli Akkol 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

Specialty section: This article was submitted to Neuropharmacology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Pharmacolog

Received: 22 February 2021

Accepted: 16 April 2021

Published: 13 May 2021

Citation: Küpeli Akkol E, Tatlı Çankaya I, S¸ eker Karatoprak Gç, Carpar E, Sobarzo-Sánchez E and Capasso R (2021) Natural Compounds as Medical Strategies in the Prevention and Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders Seen in Neurological Diseases. Front. Pharmacol. 12:669638. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.669638

Psychiatric disorders are frequently encountered in many neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson diseases along with epilepsy, migraine, essential tremors, and stroke. The most common comorbid diagnoses in neurological diseases are depression and anxiety disorders along with cognitive impairment. Whether the underlying reason is due to common neurochemical mechanisms or loss of previous functioning level, comorbidities are often overlooked. Various treatment options are available, such as pharmacological treatments, cognitive-behavioral therapy, somatic interventions, or electroconvulsive therapy. However oral antidepressant therapy may have some disadvantages, such as interaction with other medications, low tolerability due to side effects, and low efficiency. Natural compounds of plant origin are extensively researched to find a better and safer alternative treatment. Experimental studies have shown that phytochemicals such as alkaloids, terpenes, flavonoids, phenolic acids as well as lipids have significant potential in in vitro and in vivo models of psychiatric disorders. In this review, various efficacy of natural products in in vitro and in vivo studies on neuroprotective and their roles in psychiatric disorders are examined and their neuro-therapeutic potentials are shed light.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s diseases, anxiety, depression, Parkinson’s disease, natural compound
Diabetes and tumor risk: a 23-year Danish national cohort study 2026-04-01 00:00

Katja F. Skovbjerg1 *† , Julie C. Antvorskov1 *† , Lonny M. Stokholm2,3, Tine D. Bille1 , Nis Andersen 4 , Jens Andresen 4 , Toke Bek 5 , Javad Hajar 6 , Ryo Kawasaki 2,7, Caroline S. Laugesen 8 , Sören Möller 2,3, Frederik N. Pedersen2,9, Katja C. Schielke10, Anne S. Thykjær Petersen2,9,11 12, Flemming Pociot 1,13, Jakob Grauslund2,9,11 and Steffen Heegaard14,15,16

1Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark, 2Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, 3Open Patient

Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, 4Organization of Danish Practicing Ophthalmologists, Copenhagen, Denmark, 5Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark, 6Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark, 7 Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka, Japan, 8Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital Roskilde, Roskilde, Denmark, 9Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, 10Department of Ophthalmology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark, 11Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, 12 Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, 13Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, 14Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark, 15Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark, 16Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a recognized risk factor for cancer, yet the relationship between diabetes type and tumor risk remains unclear. This study aimed to estimate the overall tumor burden, including benign, premalignant, and malignant tumors, in individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabete

Methods: In this nationwide cohort study spanning 23 years (1999–2022), data on diabetes diagnosis, tumor development, and potential confounding variables were retrieved from multiple Danish national health registries. The cohort included more than 6.5 million individuals and 128,647 tumor events among individuals with diabetes. Crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using Cox regression.

Results: For individuals with type 1 diabetes, adjusted HRs indicated no association for overall tumor development compared to individuals without diabetes. For individuals with type 2 diabetes, adjusted HRs suggested a slightly decreased hazard for overall tumor development compared to individuals without diabetes. When excluding tumors in the skin, the association between type 1 and type 2 diabetes and overall tumor development, suggested an increased hazard compared with individuals without diabetes. Our exploratory sub-analyses were stratified by tumor topography based on Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine (SNOMED) codes. Among individuals with type 1 diabetes, eight of 28 tumor groups showed reduced hazard, including the pancreas, bile ducts, and kidney. For type 2 diabetes, one group showed reduced hazard, while 22 groups, including the heart, blood vessels, and liver, showed increased hazard. Estimates from exploratory analyses should be interpreted with caution.

Discussion: Our findings provide population-level evidence that advances our understanding of the possible complex metabolic links between diabetes and tumor development. Further exploration of SNOMED-based tumor classifications in future studies may provide valuable knowledge on pathological differences and refine future tumor and cancer surveillance strategies in individuals with diabetes

KEYWORDS

cancer, diabetes, diabetes mellitus, neoplasm, pathology, T1DM, T2DM, tumor

OPEN ACCESS

EDITED BY Weijun Peng, Central South University, China

REVIEWED BY E´ va Csajbo´ k, University of Szeged, Hungary Abdullah Al Marzan, Dhaka Medical College and Hospital, Bangladesh

*CORRESPONDENCE Katja F. Skovbjerg 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 Julie C. Antvorskov 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 †

These authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship

RECEIVED 14 October 2025

REVISED 02 December 2025

ACCEPTED 09 December 2025

PUBLISHED 07 January 2026

CITATION

Skovbjerg KF, Antvorskov JC, Stokholm LM, Bille TD, Andersen N, Andresen J, Bek T, Hajar J, Kawasaki R, Laugesen CS, Möller S, Pedersen FN, Schielke KC, Thykjær Petersen AS, Pociot F, Grauslund J and Heegaard S (2026) Diabetes and tumor risk: a 23-year Danish national cohort study. Front. Endocrinol. 16:1725065. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1725065

COPYRIGHT

© 2026 Skovbjerg, Antvorskov, Stokholm, Bille, Andersen, Andresen, Bek, Hajar, Kawasaki, Laugesen, Möller, Pedersen, Schielke, Thykjær Petersen, Pociot, Grauslund and Heegaard. Thisis an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction, is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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