唐庆

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24 10月 2019

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Author : 伤口世界

1992年中山医科大学本科毕业，1999年获医学硕士学位，从事整形美容、癫痕治疗、创面修复临床工作近二十年。

熟悉各种常见的整形美容手术，在隆鼻、鼻畸形矫正、眼睑成型、隆下颌、乳房下垂和乳房发育不良等治疗方面有较丰富的临床经验，近年来还积极开展了微创整形美容，如生物注射法除皱、面部轮廓塑性及年轻化手术。

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糖尿病患者合并心血管疾病诊治专家共识 2026-04-21 00:00

国家卫生健康委员会能力建设和继续教育中心孙艺红1 陈康2 陈歆3 谷伟军2 郭远林4 李一君2 刘彤5 彭道泉6 母义明2 马长生5

1 中日友好医院心脏科，北京 100029；2 解放军总医院第一医学中心内分泌科，北京 100853；3 上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院高血压科 200025；4 中国医学科学院北京协和医学院阜外医院心血管内科，北京100037；5 首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院心脏内科中心国家心血管疾病临床医学研究中心 100029；6 中南大学湘雅二医院心血管内科，长沙 410011

通信作者：母义明，Email：该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。；马长生，Email：chshma@vip. sina.com

【提要】糖尿病是心血管疾病最重要的合并疾病，心血管疾病是 2型糖尿病患者致死致残的主要原因。为规范糖尿病合并心血管疾病患者的诊疗，国家卫生健康委员会能力建设和继续教育中心组织心脏科和内分泌科领域的专家，总结国内外相关学科研究进展及专家经验，制定了本共识。本共识分别从心血管疾病和糖尿病管理的角度进行阐述，涵盖糖尿病合并心血管疾病（主要包括动脉粥样硬化性心血管病和心力衰竭）的诊断、药物治疗及危险因素管理等相关的临床重要内容，旨在加强患者的综合管理并最终改善患者预后。心血管疾病的管理主要包括血压、血脂、抗栓、抗心肌缺血、抗心室重构等。糖尿病的管理主要包括生活方式干预、降糖、血糖监测治疗及低血糖预防。此外，本共识还针对特殊人群如糖尿病肾病、高龄（>75岁）及心血管危重症等患者给出了具体的临床建议。

【关键词】糖尿病；冠心病；心力衰竭；血压；血脂；降糖治疗、

Expert consensus on the management of diabetic patients with cardiovascular diseases

National Health Commissim Capacity Buiding and Continuing Education Center, Sun Yihong1 ,Chen Kang2 , Chen Xin3 , Gu Weijun2 , Guo Yuanlin4 , Li Yijun2 , Liu Tong5 , Peng Daoquan6 , Mu Yiming2 ,Ma Changsheng5

1Department of Cardiology, China‑Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China; 2 Department ofEndocrinology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China;3Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200025, China; 4 Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China; 5 Department of Cardiology, BeijingAnzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing100029, China; 6Department of Cardiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University,Changsha 410011, China

[Summary]Diabetes is the most important comorbidity of cardiovascular disease, andcardiovascular disease is the main cause of mortality and disability of patients with type 2 diabetes.In order to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of patients with diabetes and cardiovasculardisease, the National Health Commission Capacity Building and Continuing Education Centerorganized the experts from the field of cardiology and endocrinology systematically reviewing theresearch progresses and expert experiences of relevant disciplines from home and abroad, and formulated this consensus. This consensus covers the diagnosis, drug treatment, and risk factor management for patients with diabetes and cardiovascular disease (including atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and heart failure) from the perspective of cardiovascular disease and diabetes management aiming to strengthen the comprehensive management of patients and ultimately to improve the prognosis of patients. The management of cardiovascular diseases mainly includes the management of blood pressure, blood lipids, anti‑thrombosis, anti‑myocardial ischemia, anti‑ventricular remodeling and so on. Diabetes management mainly includes lifestyle intervention (including diet, exercise, weight loss, etc.), anti‑hyperglycemia therapy (including drugs and insulin), blood glucose monitoring, and hypoglycemic prevention. In addition, specific clinical recommendations are given to patients with special health care needs such as diabetic nephropathy, elderly (>75 years), and cardiovascular critical illness.

【Key words】 Diabetes mellitus; Coronary heart disease; Heart failure; Blood pressure; Blood lipid; Anti‑hyperglycemic treatment
中国黄褐斑诊疗专家共识（2021版） 2026-04-20 00:00

中国中西医结合学会皮肤性病专业委员会色素病学组中华医学会皮肤性病学分会白癜风研究中心中国医师协会皮肤科医师分会色素病工作组

通信作者：何黎，Email：该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。；许爱娥，Email：该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

【摘要】目前认为黄褐斑的发病与遗传、日光、性激素等有关，涉及黑素合成增加、皮损处血管增生、炎症反应及皮肤屏障受损等机制。诊断主要依据临床表现和无创检测技术。该指南结合近年研究新进展，全面阐述了黄褐斑的病因及发病机制、临床表现、分期与分型、诊断及治疗等，旨在提高中国皮肤科医师对黄褐斑的诊治水平。

【关键词】黄褐斑；指南；诊断；治疗

DOI：10.35541/cjd.20200900

Consensus on diagnosis and treatment of melasma in China（2021 version）

Pigmentary Disorder Group, Combination of Traditional and Western Medicine Dermatology; Research Center for Vitiligo, Chinese Society of Dermatology; Working Group on Pigmentary Disorders, China Dermatologist Association

Corresponding authors: He Li, Email: 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。; Xu Ai′e, Email: 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

【Abstract】 At present, exact pathogenesis of melasma remains unclear, genetics, sunlight exposure, sex hormones, etc., are considered as the main causative factors. Its pathogenesis involves excessive melanin synthesis, vascular hyperplasia in skin lesions, inflammation and skin barrier impairment. The diagnosis of melasma mainly relies on clinical manifestations and non⁃invasive detection techniques. Based on research progress in recent years, this consensus comprehensively elaborates the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, staging and classification, diagnosis and treatment of melasma, aiming to improve the diagnosis and treatment of melasma by Chinese dermatologists.

【Key words】 Melasma; Guidelines; Diagnosis; Therapy DOI: 10.35541/cjd.20200900
Life-threatening risk factors contribute to the development of diseases with the highest mortality through the induction of regulated necrotic cell death 2026-04-18 00:00

Zsuzsa Muszka 1,2,4 , Viktória Jenei1,3,4, Rebeka Mácsik1 , Evgeniya Mezhonova1 , Silina Diyab1 , Réka Csősz1 , Attila Bácsi1 , Anett Mázló1✉ and Gábor Koncz 1 ✉

Chronic diseases affecting the cardiovascular system, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases, and various other organspecific conditions, involve different underlying pathological processes. However, they share common risk factors that contribute to the development and progression of these diseases, including air pollution, hypertension, obesity, high cholesterol levels, smoking and alcoholism. In this review, we aim to explore the connection between four types of diseases with different etiologies and various risk factors. We highlight that the presence of risk factors induces regulated necrotic cell death, leading to the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), ultimately resulting in sterile inflammation. Therefore, DAMP-mediated inflammation may be the link explaining how risk factors can lead to the development and maintenance of chronic diseases. To explore these processes, we summarize the main cell death pathways activated by the most common life-threatening risk factors, the types of released DAMPs and how these events are associated with the pathophysiology of diseases with the highest mortality.

Cell Death and Disease (2025) 16:273 ; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-025-07563-7

FACTS

Environmental, physiological or behavioral risk factors can induce regulated necrotic cell death and DAMP production.

DAMP-related sterile inflammation plays a role in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes or alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver diseases.

Current anti-inflammatory treatments do not target the root cause of cell death processes and the release of DAMPs.

OPEN QUESTIONS

To what extent can the harmful effects of risk factors be mitigated by regulating necrotic cell death?

To what extent do the DAMP patterns of pathologies associated with sterile inflammation overlap?

In which diseases can drugs targeting the pathomechanism ofsterile inflammation be used, such as drugs that inhibit the effects of regulated cell death or DAMPs?

1 Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem square 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary. 2 Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem square 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary. 3 Gyula Petrányi Doctoral School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem square 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary. 4 These authors contributed equally: Zsuzsa Muszka, Viktória Jenei. ✉email: 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。; 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 Edited By Massimiliano Agostini

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主任医师、教授、博导，南方医科大学第三附属医院（广东省骨科医院）院长

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