Jeanne D. Johansen1, Kristiina Aalto-Korte2, Tove Agner3, Klaus E. Andersen4, Andreas Bircher5, Magnus Bruze6, Alicia Cannavó7, Ana Giménez-Arnau8, Margarida Gonçalo9, An Goossens10, Swen M. John11, Carola Lidén12, Magnus Lindberg13, Vera Mahler14, Mihály Matura15, Thomas Rustemeyer16, Jørgen Serup3, Radoslaw Spiewak17, Jacob P. Thyssen1, Martine Vigan18, Ian R. White19, Mark Wilkinson20 and Wolfgang Uter21
1 Department of Dermato-Allergology, National Allergy Research Centre, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark,
2 Occupational Medicine, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 00250 Helsinki, Finland, 3Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark, 4Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark, 5Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland, 6Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden, 7Hospital Municipal de Vicente López ‘Profesor Bernard Houssay’, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 8Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain, 9Department of Dermatology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal, 10Contact Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital K. U. Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium, 11Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine, Health Theory, University of Osnabrueck, D-49069 Osnabrueck, Germany, 12Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden, 13Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Örebro, SE-70185 Örebro, Sweden, 14Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany, 15Unit of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, SLSO, SE-11365 Stockholm, Sweden, 16Department of Dermatology, VU University Medical Centre, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 17Department of Experimental Dermatology and Cosmetology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland, 18Department of Dermatology, CHRU Besançon, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France, 19Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH UK, 20Spire Hospital, Leeds, LS8 1NT UK, and 21Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Erlangen/Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany doi:10.1111/cod.12432 Correspondence: Jeanne D. Johansen, Department of Dermato-allergology, Gentofte Hospital, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark. Tel: +4538677301. E-mail: 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 Conflicts of interests: KAK, JDJ, AC, CL, ML, MM, JS, IRW: No conflicts. TA: Giving talks at meetings arranged by Leo Pharma and GlaxoSmithKline; KEA: Advisor to SmartPractice, Hillerød. Medical Director for Dermatological Investigation (DIS). Research support from IFRA and RIFM; AB: Educational grants from Novartis, GSK, Vifor; MB: member of the REXPAN, collaboration with SmartPractice on metal allergens; AGA: Medical Advisor for Uriach Pharma, Genentech, Novartis research grants by Intendis – Bayer, Uriach Pharma, Novartis, educational activities sponsored by Uriach Pharma, Novartis, Genentech, Menarini, GSK, MSD, Almirall; MG: Participated in the EDEN study on fragrance allergy. Since January 2014 participatation in the National Advisory Board for NOVARTIS (omalizumab for urticaria). Lectures on immunology of psoriasis for Portuguese dermatologists paid by Janssen (2012/13); AG: Departmental service (contact allergy website) financially supported by cosmetic and a few pharmaceutical companies; lecture on allergic contact dermatitis from cosmetics for GSK; lectures to pharmacists and dermatologists on dermatological preparations (contact allergy, irritancy) for Fagron; SMJ: Lecture fees from Almirall, Biogen-Idec, Galderma; VM: Has received lecturing fees from SmartPractice, Almirall Hermal, GlaxoSmithKline, Basilea; TR: Grants for the department from Almirall, Novartis, Zilverlon, Stallergenes; RS: Shareholder and scientific adviser of the Polish representative of Chemotechnique Diagnostics; JPT: Sold a cobalt spot test to Smart Health, Az, USA; MV: Grants from GlaxoSmithKline, Unilever, l’ARCAA; MW: Attended a drug advisory board meeting for GlaxoSmithKline; WU: Accepted travel reimbursement and partly honorarium for presentations given to cosmetic industry (associations) by them. Lecture fee from Almirall Hermal for educational lectures on contact allergy. Accepted for publication 6 May 2015
Summary
The present guideline summarizes all aspects of patch testing for the diagnosis of contact allergy in patients suspected of suffering, or having been suffering, from allergic contact dermatitis or other delayed-type hypersensitivity skin and mucosal conditions. Sections with brief descriptions and discussions of different pertinent topics are followed by a highlighted short practical recommendation. Topics comprise, after an introduction with important definitions, materials, technique, modifications of epicutaneous testing, indi vidual factors influencing the patch test outcome or necessitating special considerations, children, patients with occupational contact dermatitis and drug eruptions as special groups, patch testing of materials brought in by the patient, adverse effects of patch testing, and the final evaluation and patient counselling based on this judgement. Finally, short reference is made to aspects of (continuing) medical education and to electronic collection of data for epidemiological surveillance.
Key words: contact allergy; guideline; patch testing; review.
Ciska Janssens‑Böcker · Claudia Doberenz · Marta Monteiro · Marta de Oliveira Ferreira
C. Janssens‑Böcker (*) · C. Doberenz MedSkin Solutions Dr. Suwelack AG, Billerbeck, Germany e-mail: ciska.janssens-boecker@medskin-suwelack. com M. Monteiro · M. de Oliveira Ferreira Inovapotek, Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Porto, Portugal
Received: September 10, 2024 / Accepted: November 27, 2024 / Published online: December 21, 2024 © The Author(s) 2024
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s13555-024-01321-x.
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
The human skin acts as a pro‑ tective barrier against external pathogens and hosts a diverse microbiome consisting of bacte‑ ria, fungi, viruses, and archaea. Disruptions to the skin microbiome can impact immune func‑ tion, leading to inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. The importance of pH for the micro‑ biome is paramount. Cosmetic skincare prod‑ ucts interact with the skin microbiome and skin pH, playing a key role in maintaining microbial balance. Research suggests that products with non-physiological pH levels may disrupt the skin microbiota. Our clinical study aimed to evaluate the effects of low-pH cosmetic products (pH<5) on the skin microbiome, contributing to improved skin health.
Methods: The clinical study focused on evalu‑
ating the skin microbiome diversity following
the application for 28 days of four different low
pH cosmetic products (vitamin C, resveratrol, a
collagen mask, and a native algae mask) on the
forearms of post-menopausal women with skin
pH>5.5.
Results:
The diversity of the natural skin microbiome increased consistently through‑ out the study, evident in both the untreated area and after the application of the Vitamin C Concentrate, Resveratrol Concentrate, Colla‑ gen Mask, and Native Algae Mask, as indicated by Shannon’s diversity index. The native algae mask notably reduced the Corynebacterium genus and significantly lowered the pH. The skin pH changes corresponded with microbiota stability.
Conclusions:
In conclusion, enhanced diver‑ sity of the natural skin microbiome was observed over the study duration. None of the investi‑ gational products caused significant disruption to the skin microbiome diversity, as evidenced by the stable Shannon’s diversity index and relative abundance of specific genera. Notably, the native algae mask significantly decreased the presence of the opportunistic pathogenic Corynebacterium genus, which is likely attribut‑ able to a minor reduction in skin pH following extended product use. The findings suggest that the use of low-pH skincare products, like the native algae mask, do not disrupt skin micro‑ biome diversity and may have the potential to positively impact skin microbiome diversity and health by reducing certain pathogenic microbial
Keywords: Human skin; Microbiome; Skincare; Cosmetics; pH
Key Summary Points
Why carry out this study?
This study investigated the intricate relation‑ ship between cosmetic skincare products, the skin microbiome, and skin health. It evaluated the impact of low-pH skincare products on skin microbiome diversity and skin barrier function.
What was learned from this study?
The diversity of the skin microbiome increased following the application of vita‑ min C concentrate, resveratrol concentrate, a collagen mask, and a native algae mask, as demonstrated by Shannon’s diversity index. The native algae mask notably decreased the genus Corynebacterium and lowered the pH, with the pH changes aligning with micro‑ biota stability. Low-pH skincare products maintain skin microbiome diversity and health by reducing pathogenic microbial populations, promot‑ ing a positive impact on skin microbiome health.
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伤口世界,是倡导远程、就近和居家管理慢性伤口的连接、整合和拓展线上和线下资源的平台生态圈。解决了伤口专家碎片化时间的价值创造、诊疗经验的裂变复制,和患者的就近、居家、低成本管理慢性伤口的问题。
自成立以来,教育一直是伤口世界的主要关注领域之一。改善伤口管理和伤口护理教育是实现协会改善和发展伤口管理的主要目标的重要因素。 教育活动由教育委员会协调。
在这里可以找到有关伤口治疗的国际指南,国际伤口护理教育和协会出版物的更多信息。
伤口世界为希望了解慢性伤口/溃疡的原因和管理的患者与私人护理人员提供信息。
伤口世界平台生态圈,以“关爱人间所有伤口患者”为愿景,连接、整合和拓展线上和线下的管理慢性伤口的资源,倡导远程、就近和居家管理慢性伤口,解决伤口专家的碎片化时间的价值创造、诊疗经验的裂变复制、和患者的就近、居家和低成本管理慢性伤口的问题。
2019广东省医疗行业协会伤口管理分会年会
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