Chaiyawat Aonsri 1,2 , Sompop Kuljarusnont 3

and Duangjai Tungmunnithum 4,5,*

1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

2 Unit of Compounds Library for Drug Discovery, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand

3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

4 Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand

5 Le Studium Institute for Advanced Studies, 1 Rue Dupanloup, 45000 Orléans, France 

* Correspondence: 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。; Tel./Fax: +66-26448696

Academic Editors: Lina Raudone,˙ Mindaugas Liaudanskas and Sonata Trumbeckaite

Received: 8 January 2025

Revised: 20 February 2025

Accepted: 24 February 2025

Published: 26 February 2025

Citation: Aonsri, C.; Kuljarusnont, S.; Tungmunnithum, D. Discovering Skin Anti-Aging Potentials of the Most Abundant Flavone Phytochemical Compound Reported in Siam Violet Pearl, a Medicinal Plant from Thailand by In Silico and In Vitro Assessments. Antioxidants 2025, 14, 272. https://doi.org/10.3390/ antiox14030272

Copyright: © 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/).

Abstract: Currently, nutraceuticals and functional food/cosmeceutical sectors are seeking natural molecules to develop various types of phytopharmaceutical products. Flavonoids have been reported in antioxidant and many medical/pharmacological activities. Monochoria angustifolia or Siam violet pearl medicinal plant is the newest species of the genus Monochoria C. Presl, which have long been consumed as food and herbal medicines. Though previous work showed that apigenin-7-O-glucoside is the most abundant antioxidant phytochemical found in this medicinal plant, the report on anti-aging activity is still lacking and needs to be filled in. The objective of this work is to explore anti-aging capacities of the most abundant antioxidant phytochemical reported in this plant using both in silico and in vitro assessments. In addition, pharmacokinetic properties were predicted. Interestingly, the results from both in silico and in vitro analysis showed a similar trend that apigenin-7- O-glucoside is a potential anti-aging agent against three enzymes. The pharmacokinetic properties, such as adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET), of this compound are also provided in this work. The current study is also the first report on anti-aging properties of this Thai medicinal plant. However, the safety and efficacy of future developed products from this compound and clinical study should be determined in the future.

Keywords: flavone; Monochoria angustifolia; flavonoids; medicinal plants; anti-aging; molecular modeling; pharmacological activity; medical benefits

Qin Zhang1, Dangdang Cheng1,2 & FeifeiWang3

This study aimed to develop in vivo methods for assessing facial anti-glycation and anti-aging effects and to investigate the link between glycation and aging signs. We utilized an AGE reader to measure AGEs levels on the face and arms, establishing a correlation to validate the reader’s use for facial AGEs detection. Then the product’s 7-day anti-glycation effect was evaluated. And its 56-day anti-aging effects were evaluated using non-invasive probes and VISIA CR, assessing skin tone (skin brightness L* and yellowness b*, skin gloss), texture (skin elasticity R2 and firmness F4, skin pores), and hydration (skin moisture content). Correlations between facial AGEs levels and aging parameters were analyzed.

Results indicated a strong correlation between facial and arm AGEs after product application, supporting facial AGEs level as an assessment parameter. The product demonstrated substantial antiglycation and anti-aging effects, suggesting the methods’ efficacy for cosmetic evaluation. A stronger overall correlation was found between AGEs levels and skin tone than with skin texture and hydration, highlighting glycation’s impact on skin color.

Keywords AGE reader, Anti-glycation evaluation, Anti-aging evaluation, Glycation-aging correlation

Gonçalo P. Rosa 1,2 , Maria Carmo Barreto 1 , Ana M. L. Seca 1,2 and Diana C. G. A. Pinto 2,*

1 University of the Azores, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Azorean Biodiversity Group & Global Change and Sustainability Institute (CHANGE), 9501-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 (G.P.R.); 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 (M.C.B.); 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 (A.M.L.S.)

2 LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal

* Correspondence: 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

Academic Editor: Charlotte Jacobsen

Received: 26 December 2024

Revised: 3 February 2025

Accepted: 11 February 2025

Published: 14 February 2025

Citation: Rosa, G.P.; Barreto, M.C.; Seca, A.M.L.; Pinto, D.C.G.A. Antiaging Potential of Lipophilic Extracts of Caulerpa prolifera. Mar.

Drugs 2025, 23, 83. https:// doi.org/10.3390/md23020083

Copyright: © 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license

(https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/).

Abstract: The cosmeceutical industry has increasingly turned its attention to marine macroalgae, recognizing their significant bioactive potential as sources of natural compounds for skincare applications. A growing number of products now incorporate extracts or isolated compounds from various macroalgae species. However, many species remain underexplored, highlighting a valuable opportunity for further research. Among these, Caulerpa prolifera (Forsskål) J.V. Lamouroux has emerged as a promising candidate for cosmeceutical applications. This study provides the most comprehensive phytochemical assessment of C. prolifera to date, revealing its potential as a source of bioactive extracts and compounds. The analysis identified key components of its lipophilic profile, predominantly saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, alongside di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate—an endocrine disruptor potentially biosynthesized or bioaccumulated by the algae. While the crude extract exhibited moderate tyrosinase inhibitory activity, its overall antioxidant capacity was limited. Fractionation of the extract, however, yielded subfractions with distinct bioactivities linked to changes in chemical composition. Notably, enhanced inhibitory activities against elastase and collagenase were observed in subfractions enriched with 1-octadecanol and only traces of phthalate. Conversely, antioxidant activity diminished with the loss of specific compounds such as β-sitosterol, erucic acid, nervonic acid, and lignoceric acid. This work advances the understanding of the relationship between the chemical composition of C. prolifera and its bioactivities, emphasizing its potential as a source of cosmeceutical ingredients, leading to a more comprehensive valorization of this macroalga.

Keywords: macroalgae; phytochemical profile; cosmeceutical potential

Ana Silva 1,2,† , Cláudia Pinto 3,4,†, Sara Cravo 3,4 , Sandra Mota 5,6 , Liliana Rego 5,6 , Smeera Ratanji 6,7 , Clara Quintas 6,7, Joana Rocha e Silva 8 , Carlos Afonso 3,4 , Maria Elizabeth Tiritan 3,4,9,10 , Honorina Cidade 3,4,10,* , Teresa Cruz 1,2,* and Isabel F. Almeida 5,6

1 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

2 CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology/CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal

3 Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy,  University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 (C.P.); 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 (S.C.); 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 (C.A.); 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 (M.E.T.)

4 CIIMAR–Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal

5 UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 (S.M.); 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 (L.R.); 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 (I.F.A.)

6 Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 (S.R.); 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 (C.Q.)

7 UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal

8 Dimas & Silva, Lda. Industry, Rua Central de Goda 345, 4535-167 Mozelos, Portugal; 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

9 TOXRUN—Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal 10 UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal

* Correspondence: 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 (H.C.); 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 (T.C.)

† These authors equally contributed to this work.

Academic Editor: Chung-Yi Chen

Received: 18 December 2024

Revised: 11 January 2025

Accepted: 14 January 2025

Published: 17 January 2025

Citation: Silva, A.; Pinto, C.; Cravo, S.; Mota, S.; Rego, L.; Ratanji, S.; Quintas, C.; Silva, J.R.e.; Afonso, C.; Tiritan, M.E.; et al. Sustainable Skincare Innovation: Cork Powder

Extracts as Active Ingredients for Skin Aging. Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18, 121.

https://doi.org/10.3390/ ph18010121

Copyright: © 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license

(https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/)

Abstract: Background: An emerging practice within the concept of circular beauty involves the upcycling of agro-industrial by-products. Cork processing, for instance, yields byproducts like cork powder, which presents an opportunity to create value-added cosmetic ingredients. Building upon our previous research, demonstrating the antioxidant potential of hydroalcoholic extracts derived from two distinct cork powders (P0 and P1), in this work, aqueous extracts were prepared and analyzed. The safety and bioactivities of the newly obtained aqueous extracts, as well as the 30% ethanol extracts, previously reported to be the most promising for skin application, were also evaluated.

Methods: Aqueous extracts were obtained from cork powders (P0 and P1) and the identification and quantification of some polyphenols was achieved by liquid chromatography (LC). Antioxidant potential was screened by DPPH method and the bioactivity and safety of extracts were further explored using cell-based assays.

Results: All extracts exhibited a reduction in age-related markers, including senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity. Additionally, they demonstrated a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect by suppressing the production of several pro-inflammatory mediators in macrophages upon lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Moreover, the extracts upregulated genes and proteins associated with antioxidant activity, such as heme oxygenase 1. The aqueous extract from P1 powder was especially active in reducing pro-inflammatory mediators, namely the Nos2 gene, inducible nitric oxide protein levels, and nitric oxide production. Moreover, it did not induce skin irritation, as assessed by the EpiSkin test, in compliance with the OECD Test Guidelines.

Conclusions: Overall, our findings underscore the potential of aqueous extracts derived from cork waste streams to mitigate various hallmarks of skin aging, including senescence and inflammaging, and their suitability for incorporation into cosmetics formulations. These results warrant further exploration for their application in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries and could foster a sustainable and circular bioeconomy.

Keywords: cosmetics; cork extracts; skin aging; sustainability; senescence; inflammaging; circular economy

Lara Camillo, Elisa Zavattaro and Paola Savoia *

Department of Health Science, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;

该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 (L.C.); 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 (E.Z.)

* Correspondence: 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。; Tel.: +39-0321-373-3387

Academic Editor: Adam Reich

Received: 30 December 2024

Revised: 23 January 2025

Accepted: 27 January 2025

Published: 1 February 2025

Citation: Camillo, L.; Zavattaro, E.; Savoia, P. Nicotinamide: A

Multifaceted Molecule in Skin Health and Beyond. Medicina 2025, 61, 254.

https://doi.org/10.3390/ medicina61020254

Copyright: © 2025 by the authors. Published by MDPI on behalf of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/)

Abstract: Nicotinamide (NAM), the amide form of vitamin B3, is a precursor to essential cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) and NADPH. NAD+ is integral to numerous cellular processes, including metabolism regulation, ATP production, mitochondrial respiration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) management, DNA repair, cellular senescence, and aging. NAM supplementation has demonstrated efficacy in restoring cellular energy, repairing DNA damage, and inhibiting inflammation by suppressing proinflammatory cytokines release. Due to its natural presence in a variety of foods and its excellent safety profile—even at high doses of up to 3 g/day—NAM is extensively used in the chemoprevention of non-melanoma skin cancers and the treatment of dermatological conditions such as blistering diseases, atopic dermatitis, rosacea, and acne vulgaris. Recently, its anti-aging properties have elevated NAM’s prominence in skincare formulations. Beyond DNA repair and energy replenishment, NAM significantly impacts oxidative stress reduction, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis modulation. Despite these multifaceted benefits, the comprehensive molecular mechanisms underlying NAM’s actions remain not fully elucidated. This review consolidates recent research to shed light on these mechanisms, emphasizing the critical role of NAM in cellular health and its therapeutic potential. By enhancing our understanding, this work underscores the importance of continued exploration into NAM’s applications, aiming to inform future clinical practices and skincare

Keywords: nicotinamide; chemoprevention; skin health; cellular oxidative stress; DNA damage; photoaging; ultraviolet radiation; inflammation; vitamin B3

Zhenyuan Wang,ab Mi Wang, *a Qingsheng Tao,c Yufei Li, d Hao Wang,a Mei Zhang,c Xueli Liuc and Jiaheng Zhang *a

a Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China. E-mail: 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。, 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

b Shenzhen Shinehigh Innovation Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518055, China

c Advanced Research, L'Oreal Research & Innovation China, Shanghai 201206, China

d The Centre in Artificial Intelligence Driven Drug Discovery, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao 999078, China

† Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. CCDC 2101906. For ESI

and crystallographic data in CIF or other electronic format see DOI: https://doi.

org/10.1039/d5md00001g

Salicylic acid (SA) is a natural lipophilic active ingredient commonly used in cosmetics and skin disease treatments, offering benefits such as exfoliation, anti-inflammation effects, antibacterial properties, oil control, and acne alleviation. However, its poor water solubility, low bioavailability, and potential side effects, such as allergies, irritation, and dryness, hinder its widespread application. In this study, we prepared a betaine–salicylic acid (BeSA) cocrystal and systematically characterized its crystal structure, biological activity, and clinical efficacy. The results showed that BeSA has significantly lower irritancy and cytotoxicity than SA, but exhibits excellent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties as well as high moisturizing and anti-acne efficacy, making it a potential alternative to SA. Further, quantum chemical calculations and molecular docking simulations were conducted to investigate the intrinsic mechanisms underlying the excellent bioactivity of BeSA cocrystals. This study introduces an innovative solution for safer and more effective skincare formulations based on SA and offers theoretical guidance regarding material engineering and further material optimization, which has crucial implications for both industry and academia.

Received 1st January 2025,

Accepted 4th February 2025

DOI: 10.1039/d5md00001g rsc.li/medchem

Ha Young Park a , Min Ho Kang a , Guewha Lee b , Jin Woo Kim a,c,*

a Department of Food Science, Sunmoon University, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea

b Hu evergreen Pharm Inc., Incheon, Republic of Korea

c Center for Next-Generation Semiconductor Technology, Sun Moon University, Chungnam, Republic of Korea

ARTICLE INFO

Keywords: Ginseng non-edible callus  Extracellular vesicle  Skin regeneration  Collagen synthesis  Proliferation

1 . ABSTRACT

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of ginseng non-edible callus-derived extracellular vesicle (GNEV) on skin regeneration, particularly focusing on its impact on proliferation and migration in human dermal fibroblast (HDF).

Methods: GNEV was isolated from ginseng non-edible callus using sequential filtration and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The extracellular vesicle was characterized using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). HDF was treated with various concentrations of GNEV, and cell viability, proliferation, and migration were assessed using MTT and scratch wound healing assays. Gene expression related to collagen synthesis (TGF-β, SMAD-2, SMAD-3, COL1A1) was measured using RT-PCR.

Results: Treatment of HDF with GNEV resulted in a significant 2.5-fold increase in cell migration compared to the non-treated group. Furthermore, GNEV demonstrated the upregulation of collagen synthesis genes, specifically TGF-β, SMAD-2, SMAD-3, and COL1A1, by 41.7 %, 59.4 %, 60.2 %, and 21.8 %, respectively. These findings indicated that GNEV activates the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway, showcasing its potential to induce skin

Conclusions: In conclusion, GNEV exhibits a notable ability to enhance skin regeneration through its stimulatory effects on cell migration and the upregulation of key collagen synthesis genes. The activation of the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway further suggests the potential of GNEV as a promising candidate for drug delivery systems in the fields of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, opening avenues for further research and application in skincare and dermatology

Diala Haykal

Centre Médical Laser Palaiseau, Palaiseau, France

Correspondence: Diala Haykal (该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。)

Received: 5 December 2024 | Accepted: 15 December 2024

Funding: The author received no specific funding for this work.

Keywords: cosmetic dermatology | genetic predisposition | personalized skincare | precision medicine | single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) profiling

Liang Chen1,2 | Fudi Wang3 | Xiaoyun Hu1,2 | Nihong Li1,2 | Ying Gao4 | Fengfeng Xue5 | Ling Xie1,2 | Min Xie1,2

1 Scientific Research Laboratory, Shanghai Le-Surely Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China |

2 SASELOMO Research Institute and Biological Laboratory, Shanghai Chuanmei Industrial Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China |

3 Evelab Insight (Singapore) Pte. Ltd, Singapore, Singapore |

4 Zhejiang Moda Biotech Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, China |

5 Nanomedicine and Intestinal Microecology Research Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

Correspondence: Liang Chen (该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。) | Fengfeng Xue (该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。)

Received: 5 September 2024 | Revised: 25 December 2024 | Accepted: 24 January 2025

Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this work.

Keywords: antiaging | baicalin | bio-vesicle | skin physiology and cell culture | transdermal delivery

Hawazin Arkan Yousif1 | Israa Al-Ani1 | Maha N. Abu Hajleh2 | Sina Matalqah1 | Wael Abu Dayyih3 |

Emad A. Al-Dujaili4

1 Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya

Amman University, Amman, Jordan |

2 Department of Cosmetic Science, Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre, Faculty of Allied Medical

Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan |

3 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Al-Karak,

Jordan |

4 Queen's Medical Research Institute, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

Correspondence: Maha N. Abu Hajleh (该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。)

Received: 26 August 2024 | Revised: 4 October 2024 | Accepted: 18 November 2024

Keywords: antiaging | coenzyme Q10 | hyaluronic acid | skin care | ubiquinone