Cheryl M. Bongiovanni, PhD, RVT, CWS, FASA, FACCWSa,b, *

a Wound Clinics and Vascular Laboratories, Lake Health District, Lake District Hospital, 700 South J Street, Lakeview, OR 97630, USA; and

b Lake Wound Clinic – Klamath Falls, LLC, 2301 B Mountain View Boulevard, Klamath Falls, OR 97601, USA

KEYWORDS: Venous leg ulcer (VLU); Hypochlorous acid; Multidrug resistant infection

Zhenyuan Wang,ab Mi Wang, *a Qingsheng Tao,c Yufei Li, d Hao Wang,a Mei Zhang,c Xueli Liuc and Jiaheng Zhang *a

a Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China. E-mail: wangmi@hit.edu.cn, zhangjiaheng@hit.edu.cn

b Shenzhen Shinehigh Innovation Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518055, China

c Advanced Research, L'Oreal Research & Innovation China, Shanghai 201206, China

d The Centre in Artificial Intelligence Driven Drug Discovery, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao 999078, China

† Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. CCDC 2101906. For ESI

and crystallographic data in CIF or other electronic format see DOI: https://doi.

org/10.1039/d5md00001g

Salicylic acid (SA) is a natural lipophilic active ingredient commonly used in cosmetics and skin disease treatments, offering benefits such as exfoliation, anti-inflammation effects, antibacterial properties, oil control, and acne alleviation. However, its poor water solubility, low bioavailability, and potential side effects, such as allergies, irritation, and dryness, hinder its widespread application. In this study, we prepared a betaine–salicylic acid (BeSA) cocrystal and systematically characterized its crystal structure, biological activity, and clinical efficacy. The results showed that BeSA has significantly lower irritancy and cytotoxicity than SA, but exhibits excellent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties as well as high moisturizing and anti-acne efficacy, making it a potential alternative to SA. Further, quantum chemical calculations and molecular docking simulations were conducted to investigate the intrinsic mechanisms underlying the excellent bioactivity of BeSA cocrystals. This study introduces an innovative solution for safer and more effective skincare formulations based on SA and offers theoretical guidance regarding material engineering and further material optimization, which has crucial implications for both industry and academia.

Received 1st January 2025,

Accepted 4th February 2025

DOI: 10.1039/d5md00001g rsc.li/medchem

Anna Ericsson a,* , Karin Borgstrom¨ b,c , Christine Kumlien a,c,d , Magdalena Gershater Annersten a,c , Tautgirdas Ruzgas b,c , Johan Engblom b,c , Petri Gudmundsson b,c , Victoria Lazer a , Skaidre Jankovskaja b,c , Eva Lavant b,c , Sophia Ågren-Witteschus d , Sebastian Bjorklund ¨ b,d , Saman Salim e,f , Mikael Åstrom¨ g , Stefan Acosta f

a Department of Care Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malm¨ o University, Malm¨ o, Sweden

b Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malm¨ o University, Malm¨ o, Sweden

c Biofilms – Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malm¨ o University, Malm¨ o, Sweden

d Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malm¨ o, Sweden

e Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

f Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmo, ¨ Sweden

g StatCons, Sweden

ARTICLE INFO

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus   Dry feet  Prevention  Foot-xerosis  Self-care

ABSTRACT

Introduction: To minimize the risk of developing foot-ulcers, persons with diabetes are given the advice to daily inspect their feet and to apply skincare formulations. However, commercially available skincare products have rarely been developed and evaluated for diabetes foot care specifically. The primary aim of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to evaluate the effects in reducing foot xerosis in persons with diabetes without footulcers using two skincare creams containing different humectants (interventions) against a cream base nonhumectant (comparator). Secondary outcomes are to evaluate differences on skin barrier integrity, lowmolecular weight biomarkers and skin microbiota, microcirculation including transcutaneous oxygen pressure, degree of neuropathy, and HbA1c between intervention-comparator creams.

Methods: Two-armed double-blind RCT, registered in ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06427889. With 80 % power, two-tailed significance of 2.5 % in each arm, 39 study persons is needed in each arm, total 78 persons, 98 including dropouts, to be able to prove a reduction of at least one category in the Xerosis Severity Scale with the intervention creams compared to the comparator. In one arm, each participant will treat one foot with one of the intervention creams (Oviderm® or Canoderm®), while the opposite foot will be treated with the comparator cream (Decubal®lipid cream), twice a day. If needed, participants are enrolled after a wash-out period of two weeks. The participants will undergo examinations at baseline, day 14 and day 28.

Discussion: This RCT evaluate the potential effects of humectants in skin creams against foot xerosis in persons with diabetes.

Ha Young Park a , Min Ho Kang a , Guewha Lee b , Jin Woo Kim a,c,*

a Department of Food Science, Sunmoon University, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea

b Hu evergreen Pharm Inc., Incheon, Republic of Korea

c Center for Next-Generation Semiconductor Technology, Sun Moon University, Chungnam, Republic of Korea

ARTICLE INFO

Keywords: Ginseng non-edible callus  Extracellular vesicle  Skin regeneration  Collagen synthesis  Proliferation

1 . ABSTRACT

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of ginseng non-edible callus-derived extracellular vesicle (GNEV) on skin regeneration, particularly focusing on its impact on proliferation and migration in human dermal fibroblast (HDF).

Methods: GNEV was isolated from ginseng non-edible callus using sequential filtration and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The extracellular vesicle was characterized using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). HDF was treated with various concentrations of GNEV, and cell viability, proliferation, and migration were assessed using MTT and scratch wound healing assays. Gene expression related to collagen synthesis (TGF-β, SMAD-2, SMAD-3, COL1A1) was measured using RT-PCR.

Results: Treatment of HDF with GNEV resulted in a significant 2.5-fold increase in cell migration compared to the non-treated group. Furthermore, GNEV demonstrated the upregulation of collagen synthesis genes, specifically TGF-β, SMAD-2, SMAD-3, and COL1A1, by 41.7 %, 59.4 %, 60.2 %, and 21.8 %, respectively. These findings indicated that GNEV activates the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway, showcasing its potential to induce skin

Conclusions: In conclusion, GNEV exhibits a notable ability to enhance skin regeneration through its stimulatory effects on cell migration and the upregulation of key collagen synthesis genes. The activation of the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway further suggests the potential of GNEV as a promising candidate for drug delivery systems in the fields of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, opening avenues for further research and application in skincare and dermatology