Ramadan S. Hussein1 | Salman Bin Dayel1 | Othman Abahussein1 | Abeer Ali El-Sherbiny2

1 Dermatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia | 2 Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia

Correspondence: Ramadan S. Hussein (该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。)

Received: 20 August 2024 | Revised: 27 September 2024 | Accepted: 8 November 2024

Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this work.

Keywords: biological mechanisms | environmental factors | extrinsic aging | intrinsic aging | skin aging

ABSTRACT

Background/Aim: Aging involves a progressive deterioration in physiological functions and increased disease susceptibility, impacting all organs and tissues, especially the skin. Skin aging is driven by intrinsic factors (genetics, cellular metabolism) and extrinsic factors (environment, lifestyle). Understanding these mechanisms is vital for promoting healthy aging and mitigating skin aging effects. This review aims to summarize the key factors influencing skin and intrinsic aging, providing a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms and contributing elements.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, focusing on peer-reviewed journals, clinical studies, and scientific reviews published within the last two decades. The inclusion criteria prioritized studies that addressed intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of skin aging. To ensure the relevance and quality of the selected sources, a systematic approach was used to assess study design, sample size, methodology, and the significance of the findings in the context of skin aging.

Findings: The review identifies major internal factors, such as cellular senescence, genetic predisposition, telomere shortening, oxidative stress, hormonal changes, metabolic processes, and immune system decline, as pivotal contributors to intrinsic aging. External factors, including UV radiation, pollution, lifestyle choices (diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, and sleep patterns), and skincare practices, significantly influence extrinsic skin aging. The interplay between these factors accelerates aging processes, leading to various clinical manifestations like wrinkles, loss of skin elasticity, pigmentation changes, and texture alterations.

Conclusion: A comprehensive understanding of both extrinsic and intrinsic factors contributing to skin aging is essential for developing effective prevention and intervention strategies. The insights gained from this review highlight the importance of a multifaceted approach, incorporating lifestyle modifications, advanced skincare routines, and emerging therapeutic technologies, to mitigate the effects of aging and promote healthier, more resilient skin.

Marianna Blyumin-Karasik1 | Jessica Colon2 | Sylvie Nguyen2 | Jordan Rosen1

1 Precision Skin & Body Institute, Davie, Florida, USA | 2Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Davie, Florida, USA

Correspondence: Marianna Blyumin-Karasik (该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。)

Received: 13 July 2024 | Revised: 3 October 2024 | Accepted: 24 October 2024

Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this work.

Keywords: aesthetic | cosmeceuticals | healing | homeostasis | laser treatment | moisturizing serum | photoaging | skin adaptogens | skin quality | topical adaptogen

Trung Quang Nguyen 1 , Thinh Van Pham 2 , Yusuf Andriana 3 and Minh Ngoc Truong 4,5,*

1 Institute of Environmental Science and Public Health, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11353, Vietnam; 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

2 Faculty of Tourism and Culinary, Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam; 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

3 Research Center for Appropriate Technology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Subang 41213, Indonesia; 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

4 Center for High Technology Research and Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam

5 Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam

* Correspondence: 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

Academic Editor: Shige Wang

Received: 9 December 2024

Revised: 23 December 2024

Accepted: 25 December 2024

Published: 3 January 2025

Citation: Nguyen, T.Q.; Van Pham, T.;Andriana, Y.; Truong, M.N. Cordyceps militaris-Derived Bioactive Gels: Therapeutic and Anti-Aging Applications in Dermatology. Gels

2025, 11, 33. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/gels11010033

Copyright: © 2025 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license

(https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/)

Abstract: Cordyceps militaris is a medicinal mushroom widely utilized in traditional East Asian medicine, recognized for its diverse therapeutic properties. This review explores the potential of C. militaris-derived bioactive gels for applications in dermatology and skincare, with a particular focus on their therapeutic and anti-aging benefits. In response to the rising incidence of skin cancers and the growing demand for natural bioactive ingredients, C. militaris has emerged as a valuable source of functional compounds, including cordycepin, polysaccharides, and adenosine. These compounds exhibit multiple bioactivities, including apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, and anti-inflammatory effects, which have been shown to be particularly effective against melanoma and other skin cancers. Additionally, the antioxidant properties of C. militaris enhance skin resilience by scavenging reactive oxygen species, reducing oxidative stress, and promoting collagen synthesis, thereby addressing skin health and anti-aging requirements. The potential for incorporating C. militaris compounds into gel-based formulations for skincare is also examined, either as standalone bioactives or in combination with synergistic ingredients. Emphasis is placed on the necessity of clinical trials and standardization to establish the safety, efficacy, and reproducibility of such applications. By providing a safer alternative to synthetic agents, C. militaris-derived bioactive gels represent a promising advancement indermatology and skincare.

Keywords: anti-aging; bioactive compounds; Cordyceps militaris; dermatology; skincare; therapeutic properties

Kaori Kobayashi 1 , Md Suzauddula 1 , Ryan Bender 1 , Cheng Li 2 , Yonghui Li 2,* , Xiuzhi Susan Sun 3,† and Weiqun Wang 1,*

1 Department of Food Nutrition Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 (K.K.); 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 (M.S.); 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 (R.B.)

2 Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

3 Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 or 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 * Correspondence: 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 (Y.L.); 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 (W.W.) † Current address: Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA

Abstract: This review examines existing studies on wheat bran extracts (WBEs) to provide an overview of their functional properties, including antioxidant and enzyme-inhibitory activities, highlighting their potential as natural alternatives for applications in both the food and cosmetic industries. Despite variations in extraction techniques, WBEs consistently demonstrated a significant presence of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. In the food industry, WBEs are valued for their nutritional richness, including dietary fiber, proteins, and bioactive compounds such as arabinoxylans. These compounds improve food texture, stability, and baking properties. Additionally, WBEs have demonstrated antimicrobial potential, enhanced product quality, and serve as natural preservatives. Furthermore, WBEs exhibit significant inhibitory effects against collagenase and elastase, suggesting promising anti-aging potential. In the cosmetics sector, WBEs have gained attention due to their emulsion stability, skin-whitening properties, antimicrobial effects, and antioxidant capacities. They have the potential to enhance the stability of cosmetic emulsions, improve skin hydration, and inhibit enzymes linked to skin aging, positioning WBEs as potentially natural alternatives to synthetic ingredients in skincare and anti-aging products. Our recent pilot study also supports that WBEs enhance antioxidant defenses against oxidative stress in rats, highlighting their potential role in anti-aging interventions. To further elucidate the efficacy and bioavailability of the beneficial bioactive compounds in WBEs for both food and cosmetic applications, more comprehensive in vivo studies are required in the future.

Keywords: wheat bran extracts; antioxidants; enzyme inhibition; anti-aging compounds; food application; cosmetic application; bioactive compounds; functional properties

Academic Editor: Ana Teresa Sanches-Silva

Received: 9 December 2024

Revised: 13 January 2025

Accepted: 18 January 2025

Published: 5 February 2025

Citation: Kobayashi, K.; Suzauddula, M.; Bender, R.; Li, C.; Li, Y.; Sun, X.S.; Wang, W. Functional Properties and Potential Applications of Wheat Bran Extracts in Food and Cosmetics: A Review of Antioxidant, EnzymeInhibitory, and Anti-Aging Benefits. 

Foods 2025, 14, 515. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/foods14030515

Copyright: © 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/).

Mona Sadat Mirtaleb1,2, Mahvash Khodabandeh Shahraky1, Abdolkhaleg Deezagi3 & Danial Shafiee1

1 Department of Bioprocess Engineering, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.

2 Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 3Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

(NIGEB), Tehran, Iran. email: 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

With the advancement of biotechnology in the marine industry, an increasing utilization of marine ingredients in skincare products has been observed in recent years. Encapsulating Artemia franciscana extract and its derivatives in a novel phospholipid vesicle called hyalurosome presents innovative strategies for drug delivery systems and anti-aging products. In this study, we developed nano hyalurosomes containing Artemia franciscana active components. Partially purification of proteins in the Artemia franciscana extract was performed using ion exchange chromatography, specifically targeting Hsp40 and Artemin. The physicochemical properties of the hyalurosomes were characterized, revealing nanoparticle sizes ranging from 100 to 130 nm, zeta potential between −57 and −41.2 mV. The biological compatibility of the fabricated hyalurosomes was tested in vitro on mice fibroblast cells. Results indicated that formulations containing hyalurosomes exhibited no cytotoxicity. In-vivo studies employing H&E and Mason’s trichrome staining demonstrated an increase in the dermal layer of the skin on male mice and collagen production following treatment with different formulations containing hyalurosomes. Therefore, these formulations are considered promising candidates for anti-aging effects. Stability study at 4 °C for 60 days validated by FE-SEM imaging. In conclusion, hyalurosomes fabricated with Artemia franciscana extract and its diverse active molecules successfully achieved enhanced loading and penetration into the deeper layers of the skin, and it can be a suitable candidate for the treatment of skin aging and rejuvenation.

Keywords Nano drug delivery, Hyalurosome, Marine biotechnology, Artemia franciscana, Skin regeneration

Hiroyasu Iwahashi1 | Yoshihito Kawashima1 | Hitoshi Masaki2,3 | Atsushi Taga4,5

1Research Center, Maruzen Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan | 2Laboratory of Photoaging Research, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Tokyo, Japan | 3Research Institute for Human Health Science, Konan University, Hyougo, Japan | 4Pathological and Biomolecule Analyses Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan | 5Antiaging Center, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan

Correspondence: Hiroyasu Iwahashi (该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。)

Received: 7 June 2024 | Revised: 7 January 2025 | Accepted: 7 January 2025

Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this work.

Keywords: Endo180 | Melissa officinalis | photoaging | type I collagen | wrinkle

Jean-Michel Amici1 | Guénaelle Le Dantec2 | Ann' Laure Demessant2 | Catherine Queille-Roussel3 | Magali Procacci Babled3 |

Anne Claire Cathelineau3 | Alix Danoy4 | Solene Trevisan4 | Merete Haedersdal5,6

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

1 Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Saint André, Bordeaux, France | 2La Roche-Posay Laboratoire Dermatologique, Levallois-Perret, France | 3CPCAD, CHU Nice, Nice, France | 4Newtone Technologies–A QIMA Life Sciences Company, Lyon, France | 5Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark | 6Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Correspondence: Ann' Laure Demessant (该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。)

Received: 31 July 2024 | Accepted: 18 September 2024

Funding: This study was supported by La Roche-Posay Laboratoire Dermatologique, France.

Keywords: dermocosmetic | post-procedure | re-epithelization | superficial CO2 laser | vitamin B5

Alexandra D'Arcangelis1 | Sayantani Goswami Chatterjee1 | Isabel Diaz2 | Sabine Guehenneux3 | Jin Namkoong1 | Joanna Wu1

1 Skin Research and Innovation, Global Personal Care and Skin Health R&D, Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA

2 Dermal Clinical Research, ColgatePalmolive Company, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA

3 Laboratoires Filorga, Paris, France

Correspondence

Alexandra D'Arcangelis, Skin Research and Innovation, Global Personal Care and Skin Health R&D, ColgatePalmolive Company, 909 River Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08855, USA.

Email: alexandra_d_darcangelis@ colpal.com

Abstract

Objective: Periorbital skin ageing signs are multidimensional, highly visible and a concern for many. We evaluated the potential efficacy of an eye cream to diminish these signs.

Methods: Biological markers associated with ageing, barrier function and homeostasis were analysed in vitro to determine the effects of topically applied eye cream, compared to those of a placebo using human skin tissue models and/or explants. Collagen IV, elastin and bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4) expression was investigated by immunohistochemical labelling, while filaggrin, kallikrein 7 (KLK7) and HB-EGF were evaluated by RT-qPCR. IL-1α and melanin levels in darkly pigmented skin models were also quantified. The protective effect of the cream on glycation was assessed by a non-enzymatic assay. Finally, the benefits of twice-daily applications of the eye cream for 56days were instrumentally and clinically evaluated on 33 women.

Results: Only the eye cream, not the placebo, stimulated collagen IV and BMP4 protein expression, as well as increased elastin fibre length. It also led to higher HB-EGF, filaggrin and KLK7 mRNA levels. The placebo and the eye cream did not induce changes in IL-1α and melanin levels, but both reduced non-enzymatic glycation. When assessing the in  vivo effects of the cream, short-term results indicated skin hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin profilometry improvement within 15min. Instrumental evaluations of wrinkles showed a reduction after 7days, which was clinically perceivable after 28 or 56days. The eye-opening angle and eyelid sagging also improved after seven and 28days, respectively. Finally, dark circles became lighter within 7days (instrumental measurement) or 28days (clinical assessment).

Conclusion: The instrumental and clinical evaluations revealed that the eye cream reduced all periorbital ageing signs evaluated. Its effects are supported by the in vitro and ex vivo analyses of molecular markers.

KEYWORDS

cosmetic, hydration, periocular ageing, puffiness, wrinkles

Jun Yan Ng1 , Qi Yi Ambrose Wong1 , Jun Jie Lim1 , Dingyu Cen1 , Jia Yi Karen Wong1 , Yi Ying Eliza Lim1 , Yang Yie Sio1 , Kavita Reginald1,2 , Yee‑How Say1,2,3 and Fook Tim Chew1,4*

*Correspondence:

Fook Tim Chew

该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

Full list of author information is available at the end of the article

Abstract

Background Skin ageing takes on many diferent forms. Despite this diversity in skin ageing phenotypes, literature published to date is limited in scope, as many research studies either focus on one single phenotype or just a few specifc phenotypes. Presently, phenotypes such as wrinkles, pigment spots, and photo-ageing are receiving most of the research attention. We therefore wonder whether the current discourse on skin ageing places a disproportion‑ate amount of focus on a few selected phenotypes, leaving other skin ageing phenotypes underexplored.

Methods In this cross-sectional study, we performed a broad assessment of forty-one signs of skin ageing and characterised the phenotypes that constituted key components of skin ageing. We also explored the interrelationship among forty-one skin ageing phenotypes using Spearman’s Correlation and Principal Component Analysis.

Results We analysed our study population, which is composed of 3281 ethnic Chinese participants from the Singapore/Malaysia Cross-sectional Genetics Epidemiology Study (SMCGES). The first ten principal components cumulatively explain 46.88% of the variance of skin ageing phenotypes in our study population. We discovered that the commonly discussed forms of skin ageing (i.e., wrinkles, pigmentation, and photo-ageing) only accounted for a small portion (24.39%) of the variance of all skin ageing phenotypes in our study population. Telangiectasia, a poor lip fullness, a lighter skin colour, xerosis, ephelides (freckles), ptosis of eyelids (droopy eyelids), eyebags, and a low eyebrow positioning were other key components of skin ageing, accounting for a further 22.49% of the variance of skin ageing phenotypes in our study population. We found that each of these ten skin ageing phenotypes characterises a key and important aspect of skin ageing. In this broad assessment of skin ageing, we frst described the prevalence of forty-one signs of skin ageing and then characterised in detail both the prevalence and severity distribution of ten key skin ageing phenotypes.

Conclusions We presented clear evidence that skin ageing is much more than just wrinkles, pigmentation and photo-ageing. The addition of telangiectasia, poor lip fullness, a lighter skin colour, xerosis, ephelides, ptosis of eyelids, eyebags, and a low eyebrow positioning added more dimensions to skin ageing phenotype presentations.

Keywords Skin aging, Skin ageing, Broad assessment, Cross-sectional study, Wrinkling, Sagging, Principal Component Analysis, Chinese, Singapore/Malaysia Cross-sectional Genetics Epidemiology Study, SMCGES

© The Author(s) 2025. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

Priscilla Huang1 | Olivia Supan1 | Cecilia L. Pak2 | Rahul C. Mehta1 | Elizabeth T. Makino11 Allergan Aesthetics, an AbbVie Company, Irvine, California, USA | 2SGS Stephens Inc., Richardson, Texas, USA

Correspondence: Olivia Supan (该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。)

Rahul C. Mehta is a former employee of Allergan Aesthetics, an AbbVie Company.

Received: 24 June 2024 | Revised: 21 August 2024 | Accepted: 26 August 2024

Funding: Allergan Aesthetics, an AbbVie Company, funded this study and participated in the study design, research, analysis, data collection, interpretation of data, reviewing, and approval of the publication. All authors had access to relevant data and participated in the drafting, review, and approval of this publication. No honoraria or payments were made for authorship. Medical writing support was provided by Illyce Nuñez, PhD of Peloton Advantage, LLC, an OPEN Health company, and funded by Allergan Aesthetics, an AbbVie Company.

Keywords: acne vulgaris | erythema | post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation | salicylic acid

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is

properly cited.

© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.