Allison Garlet 1 , Valerie Andre-Frei 2 , Nicolas Del Bene 1 , Hunter James Cameron 3 , Anita Samuga 3 , Vimal Rawat 4 , Philipp Ternes 5 and Sabrina Leoty-Okombi 2,*

1 BASF Corporation, 540 White Plains Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA; 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 (A.G.); 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 (N.D.B.)

2 BASF Beauty Care Solutions, 32 Rue Saint Jean de Dieu, 69007 Lyon, France; 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

3 BASF Corporation, 26 Davis Dr, Raleigh-Durham, NC 27709, USA; 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 (H.J.C.); 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 (A.S.)

4 BASF SE, Speyerer Str. 2, 67117 Limburgerhof, Germany; 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

5 BASF Metabolome Solutions GmbH, Tegeler Weg 33, 10589 Berlin, Germany; 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

* Correspondence: 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

Citation: Garlet, A.; Andre-Frei, V.;

Del Bene, N.; Cameron, H.J.; Samuga,

A.; Rawat, V.; Ternes, P.; Leoty

Okombi, S. Facial Skin Microbiome

Composition and Functional Shift

with Aging. Microorganisms 2024, 12,

1021. https://doi.org/10.3390/

microorganisms12051021

Academic Editors: Paul D. Facey

and Claire Morgan

Received: 30 January 2024

Revised: 14 May 2024

Accepted: 16 May 2024

Published: 18 May 2024

Abstract: The change in the skin microbiome as individuals age is only partially known. To provide a better understanding of the impact of aging, whole-genome sequencing analysis was performed on facial skin swabs of 100 healthy female Caucasian volunteers grouped by age and wrinkle grade. Volunteers’ metadata were collected through questionnaires and non-invasive biophysical measurements. A simple model and a biological statistical model were used to show the difference in skin microbiota composition between the two age groups. Taxonomic and non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis showed that the skin microbiome was more diverse in the older group (≥55 yo). There was also a significant decrease in Actinobacteria, namely in Cutibacterium acnes, and an increase in Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii. Some Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species belonging to the Firmicutes phylum and species belonging to the Proteobacteria phylum increased. In the 18–35 yo younger group, the microbiome was characterized by a significantly higher proportion of Cutibacterium acnes and Lactobacillus, most strikingly, Lactobacillus crispatus. The functional analysis using GO terms revealed that the young group has a higher significant expression of genes involved in biological and metabolic processes and in innate skin microbiome protection. The better comprehension of age-related impacts observed will later support the investigation of skin microbiome implications in antiaging protection.

Keywords: skin aging; skin microbiome; gene ontology; diversity; L. crispatus; C. acnes; C. kroppenstedtii