Sodium hypochlorite body wash in the management of Staphylococcus aureus–colonized moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in infants, children, and adolescents

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17 10月 2026

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Author : 伤口世界

Abstract

Objectives: A cleansing body wash containing diluted sodium hypochlorite (0.006% NaOCl) was evaluated for management of moderate-to-severe Staphylococcus aureus–colonized, atopic dermatitis in children.

Methods: A 6-week, prospective, open-label study was conducted with 50 evaluable participants (ages 6 months to 17 years) who had moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis with S aureus skin colonization documented by culture. Participants were instructed to continue using their current medications while using the study product, 0.006% NaOCl body wash, once daily to affected areas for 6 weeks. Primary outcome measures were Investigator's Global Assessment, Eczema Area and Severity Index, and Body Surface Area scores. Secondary outcome measures were the Visual Analog Scale for pruritus, Family Dermatology Life Quality Index, and Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire for Problem Areas. A subject daily diary and a six-item subject questionnaire that provided information on preferences for bleach bath vs body wash were secondary outcome measures.

Results: Daily use of the 0.006% NaOCl body wash led to improvement for all outcome measures comparing baseline to 2-week and to 6-week evaluations. Of the 50 skin S aureus-positive subjects, 32/50 (64%) were still positive at 2 weeks. A 36.5% decrease in subject's daily record of topical corticosteroid application at end of study compared to baseline was found. Participant surveys indicated preferences for the body wash over bleach baths.

Conclusions: Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) body wash improved all outcome measures for moderate-to-severe S aureus–colonized AD in infants, children, and adolescents. The limited reduction in S aureus further suggests that sodium hypochlorite has ameliorative effects other than antimicrobial actions.

KEYWORDS

atopic dermatitis, bleach, body wash, sodium hypochlorite

本文转载于Pediatric Dermatology. 2019;36:442–447.，不代表本网站赞同其观点和对其真实性负责，我们只作于阅读分享，非商业用途，如若侵权，请告知删除。

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Sodium hypochlorite body wash in the management of Staphylococcus aureus–colonized moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in infants, children, and adolescents 2026-10-17 00:00

Sara Majewski MS¹| Tanya Bhattacharya MD¹| Manuela Asztalos MD¹| Benjamin Bohaty MD²| Katherine C. Durham MD² | Dennis P. West PhD¹ | Adelaide A. Hebert MD²| Amy S. Paller MD¹

Abstract

Objectives: A cleansing body wash containing diluted sodium hypochlorite (0.006% NaOCl) was evaluated for management of moderate-to-severe Staphylococcus aureus–colonized, atopic dermatitis in children.

Methods: A 6-week, prospective, open-label study was conducted with 50 evaluable participants (ages 6 months to 17 years) who had moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis with S aureus skin colonization documented by culture. Participants were instructed to continue using their current medications while using the study product, 0.006% NaOCl body wash, once daily to affected areas for 6 weeks. Primary outcome measures were Investigator's Global Assessment, Eczema Area and Severity Index, and Body Surface Area scores. Secondary outcome measures were the Visual Analog Scale for pruritus, Family Dermatology Life Quality Index, and Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire for Problem Areas. A subject daily diary and a six-item subject questionnaire that provided information on preferences for bleach bath vs body wash were secondary outcome measures.

Results: Daily use of the 0.006% NaOCl body wash led to improvement for all outcome measures comparing baseline to 2-week and to 6-week evaluations. Of the 50 skin S aureus-positive subjects, 32/50 (64%) were still positive at 2 weeks. A 36.5% decrease in subject's daily record of topical corticosteroid application at end of study compared to baseline was found. Participant surveys indicated preferences for the body wash over bleach baths.

Conclusions: Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) body wash improved all outcome measures for moderate-to-severe S aureus–colonized AD in infants, children, and adolescents. The limited reduction in S aureus further suggests that sodium hypochlorite has ameliorative effects other than antimicrobial actions.

KEYWORDS

atopic dermatitis, bleach, body wash, sodium hypochlorite
Activity of a hypochlorous acid‐producing electrochemical bandage as assessed with a porcine explant biofilm model 2026-10-16 00:00

Gretchen Tibbits¹ | Abdelrhman Mohamed¹ | Suzanne Gelston¹ | Laure Flurin² | Yash S. Raval² | Kerryl E. Greenwood‐Quaintance² | Robin Patel^2,3 | Haluk Beyenal¹

Abstract

The activity of a hypochlorous acid‐producing electrochemical bandage (e‐bandage) in preventing methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection (MRSA) infection and removing biofilms formed by MRSA was assessed using a porcine explant biofilm model. e‐Bandages inhibited S. aureus infection (p = 0.029) after 12 h (h) of exposure and reduced 3‐day biofilm viable cell counts after 6, 12, and 24 h exposures (p = 0.029). Needle‐type microelectrodes were used to assess HOCl concentrations in explant tissue as a result of e‐bandage treatment; toxicity associated with e‐bandage treatment was evaluated. HOCl concentrations in infected and uninfected explant tissue varied between 30 and 80 µM, decreasing with increasing distance from the e‐bandage. Eukaryotic cell viability was reduced by an average of 71% and 65% in fresh and day 3‐old explants, respectively, when compared to explants exposed to nonpolarized e‐bandages. HOCl e‐bandages are a promising technology that can be further developed as an antibiotic‐free treatment for wound biofilm infections.

KEYWORDS

biofilms, chronic wounds, electrochemical bandage, hypochlorous acid, MRSA, Staphylococcus aureus
次氯酸对骨科内固定物表面细菌生物膜的清除作用 2026-10-15 00:00

梁金正 1 ，邵欣欣 2 ，杜少华 1 ，戴双武 1

文题释义：

次氯酸：化学式HClO，是氯气溶解于水时形成的一种一价氯的含氧弱酸。在工业上，次氯酸作为家用漂白剂和清洁剂中的活性成分而广为人知。在生物学系统中，次氯酸可被视为白细胞例如中性粒细胞和单核细胞产生的毒性最强、丰度最高的氧化剂。

细菌生物膜：也称为生物被膜，是指附着于有生命或无生命物体表面被细菌胞外大分子包裹的有组织的细菌群体，存在各种主要的生物大分子如蛋白质、多糖、DNA、RNA、肽聚糖、脂和磷脂等物质。细菌生物膜多细胞结构的形成是一个动态过程，包括细菌起始黏附、细菌生物膜发展和成熟扩散等阶段。细菌生物膜对抗生素和宿主免疫防御机制的抗性很强。

摘要

背景：骨科内固定物感染中形成的细菌生物膜是临床非常棘手的问题。次氯酸作为一种高效消毒剂，可引起细菌生物膜破坏，可能对骨科内固定物感染治疗有帮助。

目的：研究次氯酸溶液体外浸泡不同时间及灌注对骨科内固定物表面细菌生物膜的清除作用。

方法：将金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌分别在骨科钢板内固定物上定植3 d后形成细菌生物膜，扫描电镜下确认细菌生物膜已形成。采用次氯酸溶液分别浸泡已形成两种细菌生物膜的内固定物0，5，10，20 min及20 min+灌注6 L次氯酸和生理盐水的混合溶液(每3 L生理盐水加入120 mL次氯酸)，扫描电镜下观察细菌生物膜形态，评估次氯酸溶液对内固定物细菌生物膜的清除效果。

结果与结论：①铜绿假单胞菌：扫描电镜下可见，未经次氯酸溶液浸泡的内固定物上的细菌生物膜斑块面积大且较厚，菌落密集集中；经过次氯酸浸泡5，10，20 min后，细菌生物膜斑块面积逐渐减小并变薄，次氯酸溶液浸泡20 min+灌注6 L次氯酸和生理盐水的混合溶液可清除细菌生物膜；②金黄色葡萄球菌：扫描电镜下的表现与铜绿假单胞菌生物膜一致；③结果表明：延长浸泡时间或联合灌注可增强次氯酸对内固定物细菌生物膜的清除作用；次氯酸溶液浸泡足够时长可降解破坏内固定物上定植的细菌生物膜，清除菌落，从而达到消毒目的。

关键词：次氯酸；细菌生物膜；骨科手术；骨科内固定物；感染；消毒剂

¹南方医科大学第三附属医院骨科医学中心骨肿瘤科，广东省广州市 510630； ²中山大学附属第一医院麻醉科，广东省广州市 510080

第一作者：梁金正，男，1994 年生，广东省云浮市人，汉族，骨科住培医师，主要从事骨感染等方面研究。

通讯作者：戴双武，在读博士，主治医师，南方医科大学第三附属医院骨科医学中心骨肿瘤科，广东省广州市 510630 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6824-5950 ( 梁金正 )

基金资助：广东省科技计划项目 (2020A1414050028)，项目负责人：戴双武

引用本文：梁金正，邵欣欣，杜少华，戴双武 . 次氯酸对骨科内固定物表面细菌生物膜的清除作用 [J]. 中国组织工程研究， 2022，26(15):2367-2371.

Liang Jinzheng1 , Shao Xinxin2 , Du Shaohua1 , Dai Shuangwu1

¹Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China; ² Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China Liang Jinzheng, Resident of the Center for Orthopedic Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China

Corresponding author: Dai Shuangwu, MD candidate, Attending physician, Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Biofilm formation during the infection of orthopedic fixation devices is a very difficult clinical problem. Hypochlorous acid, as a highly effective disinfectant, can destroy the bacterial biofilm, which may be helpful for treating infection of orthopedic fixation devices.

OBJECTIVE: To study the scavenging effect of hypochlorous acid on bacterial biofilm on the surface of orthopedic fixation devices after soaking and perfusion for different time in vitro.

METHODS: Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were colonized on orthopedic steel fixation devices for 3 days, and then the bacterial biofilm formed, which was confirmed by scanning electron microscope. Orthopedic fixation devices with two kinds of bacterial biofilms were soaked in hypochlorous acid for 0, 5, 10, and 20 minutes, or perfused with 6 L of a mixed solution of hypochlorous acid and saline (every 3 L of saline with addition of 120 mL of hypochlorous acid) for 20 minutes. The morphology of bacterial biofilms was observed under scanning electron microscope, and the scavenging effect on the bacterial biofilm on the surface of orthopedic internal fixation devices was then evaluated.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Under the scanning electron microscope, the bacterial biofilm plaques on the surface of the internal fixation device that was not soaked in hypochlorous acid solution were large and thick, and the colonies were densely concentrated. After 5, 10, and 20 minutes soaking in hypochlorous acid, the bacterial biofilm plaque area was gradually decreased and became thinner. Perfusion with 6 L of a mixture of hypochlorous acid and saline for 20 minutes could remove the bacterial biofilm. Staphylococcus aureus: The performance under the scanning electron microscope was consistent with the biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To conclude, prolonging the soaking time or a mixed perfusion can enhance the scavenging effect of hypochlorous acid on the bacterial biofilm on the surface of internal fixation devices. By soaking in hypochlorous acid for a sufficient time, the bacterial biofilm colonized on the surface of orthopedic internal fixation devices can be degraded and destroyed, thus achieving the purpose of disinfection.

Key words: hypochlorous acid; bacterial biofilm; orthopedic surgery; orthopedic internal fixation device; infection; disinfectant

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主任医师、教授、博导，南方医科大学第三附属医院（广东省骨科医院）院长