Sex difference in the association between habitual daytime

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16 10月 2019

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Author : 伤口世界

流星中山二院糖尿病足中心

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分子显像在糖尿病及其并发症中的应用研究进展 2026-03-30 00:00

李军1 刘兴党2

1北京大学深圳医院核医学科，深圳 518036；2 复旦大学附属华山医院核医学科，上海市核医学质量控制中心，上海 200040

通信作者：刘兴党，Email：该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

【摘要】糖尿病是一种慢性代谢性疾病，全球有超过 4 亿的糖尿病患者。1 型糖尿病和 2 型糖尿病的发病机制与胰岛 β 细胞的减少和功能受损相关。糖尿病患者若长时间高血糖，则会导致心血管疾病、神经病变、糖尿病足及其他并发症。笔者就不同种类的 PET 或 SPECT 分子显像在糖尿病患者的胰岛 β 细胞的功能监测以及冠状动脉病变、心肌病、自主神经病变、大脑异常和糖尿病足的早期精准诊断中的应用研究进展进行综述。

【关键词】糖尿病；糖尿病并发症；分子显像；正电子发射断层显像术；体层摄影术，发射型计算机，单光子

DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn121381−202007026−00159

Li Jun1 , Liu Xingdang2

1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China;

2 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Nuclear Medicine Quality Control Center, Shanghai 200040, China

Corresponding author: Liu Xingdang, Email: 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

【Abstract】 Diabetes mellitus is a chronic and metabolic disease affecting more than 400 million people in the world. The pathogenesis of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with the decrease or functional impairment of pancreatic β cells. With long-term hyperglycemia, diabetic patients will develop cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, diabetic foot and other complications. This paper reviews the application research progress of different types of PET and SPECT molecular imaging in the function monitoring of pancreatic β cells, and early diagnosis of diabetic complications such as coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, autonomic neuropathy, brain abnormalities and diabetic foot in diabetic patients.

【Key words】 Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes complications; Molecular imaging; Positron emission tomography; Tomography, emission-computed, single-photon

DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn121381−202007026−00159
Prediabetes prevalence and awareness by race, ethnicity, and educational attainment among U.S. adults 2026-03-23 00:00

Taynara Formagini1,2 *, Joanna Veazey Brooks2,3,4 , Andrew Roberts2,5 , Kai McKeever Bullard6 , Yan Zhang6 , Ryan Saelee6 and Matthew James O'Brien7

1 Department of Family Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States,

2 Department of Population Health, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, United States, 3University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, United States, 4Division of Palliative Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, United States, 5Aetion Inc., New York, NY, United States, 6Division of Diabetes Translation, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, Atlanta, GA, United States, 7 Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States

Introduction: Racial and ethnic minority groups and individuals with limited educational attainment experience a disproportionate burden of diabetes. Prediabetes represents a high-risk state for developing type 2 diabetes, but most adults with prediabetes are unaware of having the condition. Uncovering whether racial, ethnic, or educational disparities also occur in the prediabetes stage could help inform strategies to support health equity in preventing type 2 diabetes and its complications. We examined the prevalence of prediabetes and prediabetes awareness, with corresponding prevalence ratios according to race, ethnicity, and educational attainment.

Methods: This study was a pooled cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2011 to March 2020. The final sample comprised 10,262 U.S. adults who self-reported being Asian, Black, Hispanic, or White. Prediabetes was defined using hemoglobin A1c and fasting plasma glucose values. Those with prediabetes were classified as “aware” or “unaware” based on survey responses. We calculated prevalence ratios (PR) to assess the relationship between race, ethnicity, and educational attainment with prediabetes and prediabetes awareness, controlling for sociodemographic, health and healthcare-related, and clinical characteristics.

Results: In fully adjusted logistic regression models, Asian, Black, and Hispanic adults had a statistically significant higher risk of prediabetes than White adults (PR:1.26 [1.18,1.35], PR:1.17 [1.08,1.25], and PR:1.10 [1.02,1.19], respectively). Adults completing less than high school and high school had a significantly higher risk of prediabetes compared to those with a college degree (PR:1.14 [1.02,1.26] and PR:1.12 [1.01,1.23], respectively). We also found that Black and Hispanic adults had higher rates of prediabetes awareness in the fully adjusted model than White adults (PR:1.27 [1.07,1.50] and PR:1.33 [1.02,1.72], respectively). The rates of prediabetes awareness were consistently lower among those with less than a high school education relative to individuals who completed college (fully-adjusted model PR:0.66 [0.47,0.92]).

Discussion: Disparities in prediabetes among racial and ethnic minority groups and adults with low educational attainment suggest challenges and opportunities for promoting health equity in high-risk groups and expanding awareness of prediabetes in the United States.

KEYWORDS

prediabetes, prediabetes awareness, diabetes-related disparities, race and ethnicity, educational attainment
The frequency of polycystic ovary syndrome in women with prediabetes compared with normoglycemic women 2026-03-20 00:00

Cem Sulu1 , Ipek Pervaz 2 , Turgut Gurer 3 , Dogan Yildiz 2 , Arzu Tas 3 , Ahmet Numan Demir 1 , Serdar Sahin1 , Hande Mefkure Ozkaya1 , Dildar Konukoglu 4 , Abdullah Tuten5 , Taner Damci 1 , Fahrettin Kelestimur 6 and Mustafa Sait Gonen 1*

1 Division of Endocrinology-Metabolism and Diabetes - Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Türkiye,

2Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Türkiye,

3Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Türkiye,

4Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Türkiye,

5 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Türkiye,

6Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye

Objective: To determine rate of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and its related features in women with prediabetes.

Methods: Of 3465 consecutive women applied between 2021 and 2023, 3218 women with diabetes mellitus or conditions affecting gonadal functions were excluded through digital screening and tele-interviews. Remaining 247 women underwent clinical assessments, excluding another 49 due to other endocrine diseases. The diagnosis of PCOS and prediabetes were based on Rotterdam and American Diabetes Association criteria, respectively.

Results: 100 women had prediabetes and 98 women had normoglycemia. The frequency of PCOS were 17% and 19.4% in prediabetes and control groups, respectively (p=0.715). The frequency of PCOS was 24% (6/25) in women with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) only, 22.2% (2/9) in women with impaired fasting glucose only, and 15.5% (9/58) in women who met the HbA1C criterion only. Prediabetes group had higher insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF–1) levels and lower anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels (p<0.05). Insulin was correlated with testosterone, antral follicle count, and ovarian volume only in prediabetes group (p<0.05). Mediation models showed that insulin increased testosterone both directly and indirectly through increasing IGF-1 (b=0.4, p=0.0006).

Conclusion: While the rate of PCOS was not increased in overall prediabetes group, a trend for an increased risk in IGT subgroup only was noteworthy. Positive correlation of insulin with testosterone, antral follicle count, and ovarian volume being only found in prediabetes group suggested that prediabetes might render ovaries susceptible to the PCOS-like changes. The lower AMH in prediabetes implied the toxic effects of even mild hyperglycemia on ovaries.

KEYWORDS

hyperandrogenism, impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, polycystic ovary syndrome, prediabetes

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主任医师、教授、博导，南方医科大学第三附属医院（广东省骨科医院）院长

Sex difference in the association between habitual daytime

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Sex difference in the association between habitual daytime

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