Martin Patrick Pagac*, Martin Stalder and Remo Campiche DSM-Firmenich, Perfumery and Beauty, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland

EDITED BY

Franck Carbonero, Washington State University Health Sciences Spokane, United States

REVIEWED BY

Audrey Gueniche, Loreal Research and Innovation, France Janeta Nikolovski, Independent Researcher, Princeton, United States

*CORRESPONDENCE

Martin Patrick Pagac, 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

RECEIVED 09 December 2023

ACCEPTED 15 February 2024

PUBLISHED 21 March 2024

CITATION

Pagac MP, Stalder M and Campiche R (2024), Menopause and facial skin microbiomes: a pilot study revealing novel insights into their relationship. Front. Aging 5:1353082.

doi: 10.3389/fragi.2024.1353082

COPYRIGHT

© 2024 Pagac, Stalder and Campiche. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

Introduction: The human skin microbial composition is affected by age. Previous studies reported skin microbiome diversity shifts between elderly and significantly younger subjects. Some studies implied that menopausal status, which is inherently linked to age, could be associated with changes in skin microbial compositions. Nevertheless, the influence of menopausal status on skin microbiome profiles while minimizing the impact of aging-associated changes in skin parameters still needs further clarification.

Methods: We performed an observational study on healthy Caucasian female volunteers, which were grouped according to their pre- or postmenopausal status. Bacterial community structures on facial skin were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Cutometer® measurements were performed to evaluate aging-associated changes in facial skin biophysical properties.

Results: The relative abundance of the lipophilic Cutibacterium genus was decreased, and bacterial diversity was increased in skin samples of postmenopausal volunteers. The mean age difference between examined groups in this study was 12.4 years only. Accordingly, Cutometer ® measurements revealed no differences in aging-associated skin biophysical parameters between pre- and postmenopausal groups. Consequently, no correlation was detected between Shannon diversity and measured agedependent biomechanical properties of facial skin.

Discussion: These findings are in line with previous studies, which investigated the wide-ranging impact of chronological aging on skin microbial communities. However, this work reports for the first time a direct association between menopausal status and facial microbiomes on skin of similarly aged study participants, and hence uncouples aging-associated skin biophysical parameters, such as viscoelastic properties, from the equation. These findings open avenues for the development of microbiome-targeting strategies for treatment of menopause-associated skin disorders.

KEYWORDS menopause, aging, skin, microbiome, bacterial diversity, Cutibacterium

Chang-Shik Yin a,1 , Trang Thi Minh Nguyen b,1 , Eun-Ji Yi b,c , Shengdao Zheng b,c , Arce Defeo Bellere b , Qiwen Zheng b , Xiangji Jin d , Myeongju Kim b , Sejic Park b , Sarang Oh b,c , Tae-Hoo Yi b,

a Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

b Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin, Republic of Korea

c Snowwhitefactory Co, Ltd., 807 Nonhyeon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06032, Republic of Korea

d Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dong-daemun, Seoul, Republic of Korea

ABSTRACT

Background: Probiotics are intellectually rewarding for the discovery of their potential as a source of functional food. Investigating the economic and beauty sector dynamics, this study conducted a comprehensive review of scholarly articles to evaluate the capacity of probiotics to promote hair growth and manage dandruff.

Methods: We used the PRISMA 2020 with Embase, Pubmed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Scopus, and ICTRP databases to investigate studies till May 2023. Meta-analyses utilizing the random effects model were used with odds ratios (OR) and standardized mean differences (SMD).

Result: Meta-analysis comprised eight randomized clinical trials and preclinical studies. Hair growth analysis found a non-significant improvement in hair count (SMD = 0.32, 95 % CI -0.10 to 0.75) and a significant effect on thickness (SMD = 0.92, 95 % CI 0.47 to 1.36). In preclinical studies, probiotics significantly induced hair follicle count (SMD = 3.24, 95 % CI 0.65 to 5.82) and skin thickness (SMD = 2.32, 95 % CI 0.47 to 4.17). VEGF levels increased significantly (SMD = 2.97, 95 % CI 0.80 to 5.13), while IGF-1 showed a non-significant inducement (SMD = 0.53, 95% CI -4.40 to 5.45). For dandruff control, two studies demonstrated non-significant improvement in adherent dandruff (OR = 1.31, 95 % CI 0.13–13.65) and a significant increase in free dandruff (OR = 5.39, 95 % CI 1.50–19.43). Hair follicle count, VEGF, IGF-1, and adherent dandruff parameters were recorded with high heterogeneity. For the systematic review, probiotics have shown potential in improving hair growth and controlling dandruff through modulation of the immune pathway and gut-hair axis. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway, IGF-1 pathway, and VEGF are key molecular pathways in regulating hair follicle growth and maintenance.

Conclusions: This review found significant aspects exemplified by the properties of probiotics related to promoting hair growth and anti-dandruff effect, which serve as a roadmap for further in-depth studies to make it into pilot scales.

ARTICLE INFO

Keywords: Probiotic Hair loss Alopecia Hair growth Dandruff Scalp

* Corresponding author.

E-mail address: 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 (T.-H. Yi).

1 These authors contributed equally to this work.

Xianghua Zhang1 Delphine Kerob2 Zhongxing Zhang1 Han Tao1 Xiaofeng He3 Yi Yi3 Xiaofeng Fang3 Wenna Wang3 Andrew Steel3

1 L’Oreal Dermatological Beauty, L’Oréal China, Shanghai, China

2 La Roche-Posay Laboratoire Pharmaceutique, Levallois Perret, La Roche-Posay, France

3 Research and Innovation Center, L’Oréal China, Shanghai, China

Correspondence

Xianghua Zhang, L’Oreal Dermatological Beauty, L’Oréal China, Shanghai, China.

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Abstract

Background: Sensitive skin is a common condition affecting a significant proportion of the population, and there is a growing demand for effective and safe management.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a cream containing panthenol, prebiotics, and probiotic lysate as an optimal care for facial sensitive skin.

Methods: A total of 110 participants (64 in group A and 46 in group B) with facial sensitive skin applied the cream twice daily for 28 days. Group A evaluated their sensitive skin, product efficacy, and product use experience at D0 (15 min), D1, D14, and D28. In group B, skin barrier function-related indicators were measured at baseline and on D1, D7, D14, and D28. Dermatologists evaluated tolerance for all participants.

Results: After 28 days of use, in group A, 100% of participants reported mildness and comfort with product use. Participants demonstrated significant improvements in skin barrier function-related indicators, including increased stratum corneum moisture content, reduced erythema index, elevated sebum content, decreased trans-epidermal water loss, and diminished skin redness parameter a* value (all p < 0.05). Dermatologist evaluations revealed excellent tolerance among all participants.

Conclusion: The panthenol-enriched cream with prebiotics and probiotic lysate exhibited substantial clinical efficacy in ameliorating facial sensitive skin conditions, coupled with a high safety profile.

KEYWORDS panthenol, prebiotics, probiotics, sensitive skin, skin barrier function

Marta Arnal‑Forné1  · Tamara Molina‑García2  · María Ortega2  · Víctor Marcos‑Garcés2,3 · Pilar Molina4  · Antonio Ferrández‑Izquierdo1,2,5 · Pilar Sepulveda1,6,7 · Vicente Bodí2,3,6,8 · César Ríos‑Navarro1,2,6 · Amparo Ruiz‑Saurí1,2,6

Accepted: 10 June 2024 / Published online: 2 July 2024

© The Author(s) 2024

Abstract

Skin represents the main barrier against the external environment, but also plays a role in human relations, as one of the prime determinants of beauty, resulting in a high consumer demand for skincare-related pharmaceutical products. Given the importance of skin aging in both medical and social spheres, the present research aims to characterize microscopic changes in human skin composition due to intrinsic aging (as opposed to aging infuenced by external factors) via histological analysis of a photoprotected body region. Samples from 25 autopsies were taken from the periumbilical area and classifed into four age groups: group 1 (0–12 years), group 2 (13–25 years), group 3 (26–54 years), and group 4 (≥55 years). Diferent traditional histological (hematoxylin–eosin, Masson’s trichrome, orcein, toluidine, Alcian blue, and Feulgen reaction) and immunohistochemical (CK20, CD1a, Ki67, and CD31) stains were performed. A total of 1879 images photographed with a Leica DM3000 optical microscope were morphometrically analyzed using Image ProPlus 7.0 for further statistical analysis with GraphPad 9.0. Our results showed a reduction in epidermis thickness, interdigitation and mitotic indexes, while melanocyte count was raised. Papillary but not reticular dermis showed increased thickness with aging. Specifcally, in the papillary layer mast cells and glycosaminoglycans were expanded, whereas the reticular dermis displayed a diminution in glycosaminoglycans and elastic fbers. Moreover, total cellularity and vascularization of both dermises were diminished with aging. This morphometric analysis of photoprotected areas reveals that intrinsic aging signifcantly infuences human skin composition. This study paves the way for further research into the molecular basis underpinning these alterations, and into potential antiaging strategies.

Keywords Skin aging · Intrinsic aging · Morphometric analysis · Human biopsies

César Ríos-Navarro

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* Amparo Ruiz-Saurí 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。; 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

1 Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 15. 46010, Valencia, Spain

2 Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Avda. Menéndez Pelayo 4acc,

46010 Valencia, Spain

3 Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain

4 Department of Pathology, Instituto de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses, Valencia, Spain

5 Anatomic Pathology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain

6 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER)-CV, Madrid, Spain

7 Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain

8 Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain