Influences on Skin and Intrinsic Aging: Biological, Environmental, and Therapeutic Insights

Ramadan S. Hussein1 | Salman Bin Dayel1 | Othman Abahussein1 | Abeer Ali El-Sherbiny2

1 Dermatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia | 2 Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia

Correspondence: Ramadan S. Hussein (该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。)

Received: 20 August 2024 | Revised: 27 September 2024 | Accepted: 8 November 2024

Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this work.

Keywords: biological mechanisms | environmental factors | extrinsic aging | intrinsic aging | skin aging

ABSTRACT

Background/Aim: Aging involves a progressive deterioration in physiological functions and increased disease susceptibility, impacting all organs and tissues, especially the skin. Skin aging is driven by intrinsic factors (genetics, cellular metabolism) and extrinsic factors (environment, lifestyle). Understanding these mechanisms is vital for promoting healthy aging and mitigating skin aging effects. This review aims to summarize the key factors influencing skin and intrinsic aging, providing a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms and contributing elements.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, focusing on peer-reviewed journals, clinical studies, and scientific reviews published within the last two decades. The inclusion criteria prioritized studies that addressed intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of skin aging. To ensure the relevance and quality of the selected sources, a systematic approach was used to assess study design, sample size, methodology, and the significance of the findings in the context of skin aging.

Findings: The review identifies major internal factors, such as cellular senescence, genetic predisposition, telomere shortening, oxidative stress, hormonal changes, metabolic processes, and immune system decline, as pivotal contributors to intrinsic aging. External factors, including UV radiation, pollution, lifestyle choices (diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, and sleep patterns), and skincare practices, significantly influence extrinsic skin aging. The interplay between these factors accelerates aging processes, leading to various clinical manifestations like wrinkles, loss of skin elasticity, pigmentation changes, and texture alterations.

Conclusion: A comprehensive understanding of both extrinsic and intrinsic factors contributing to skin aging is essential for developing effective prevention and intervention strategies. The insights gained from this review highlight the importance of a multifaceted approach, incorporating lifestyle modifications, advanced skincare routines, and emerging therapeutic technologies, to mitigate the effects of aging and promote healthier, more resilient skin.

Laser and Skin-Care Synergy: A Post-Laser Application of Novel Adaptogenic Moisturizing Serum for Improving Healing and Cosmesis on the Face

Marianna Blyumin-Karasik1 | Jessica Colon2 | Sylvie Nguyen2 | Jordan Rosen1

1 Precision Skin & Body Institute, Davie, Florida, USA | 2Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Davie, Florida, USA

Correspondence: Marianna Blyumin-Karasik (该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。)

Received: 13 July 2024 | Revised: 3 October 2024 | Accepted: 24 October 2024

Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this work.

Keywords: aesthetic | cosmeceuticals | healing | homeostasis | laser treatment | moisturizing serum | photoaging | skin adaptogens | skin quality | topical adaptogen

Revealing the Therapeutic Potential: Investigating the Impact of a Novel Witch Hazel Formula on Anti-Inflammation and Antioxidation

Xue Liu1 | Tamer-Whittle Hage1 | Li-Chi Chen2 | Eddy Hsi Chun Wang1 | I-Chien Liao1 | Jodi Goldberg1 | Sabina Gosto1 | Paula Cziryak1 | Maryanne Senna2 | Ying Chen1 | Qian Zheng1

1 L'Oreal Research and Innovation, Clark, New Jersey, USA | 2Harvard Medical School, Boston & Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington, Massachusetts, USA

Correspondence: Xue Liu (该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。)

Received: 14 May 2024 | Revised: 4 October 2024 | Accepted: 18 October 2024

Keywords: anti-inflammatory | antioxidant | barrier function

Novel Thermus thermophilus and Bacillus subtilis mixed-culture ferment extract provides potent skin benefits in vitro and protects skin from aging

Jingyi Wang | Hu Huang | Kan Tao | Lili Guo | Xincheng Hu | Huailong Chang

Global R&D Center, Shanghai Chicmax Cosmetic Co. Ltd., Global Harbor Tower B, Shanghai, China

Correspondence

Huailong Chang, Global R&D Center, Shanghai Chicmax Cosmetic Co. Ltd., Global Harbor Tower B, 3300 North Zhongshan Road, Putuo District, Shanghai 200065, China.

Email: 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

Abstract

Background: Skin aging is one of the most abundant aging-related disorders that can be accelerated by excessive exposure to ultraviolet irradiation. Topically applied fermented skincare ingredients have gained mounting attentions due to their high concentration of various skin nourishing nutrients and bioactive components and low skin irritation potency.

Aims: In the present study, we aim to fully demonstrate the skin-related benefits of a novel extract of Thermus thermophilus and Bacillus subtilis mixed-culture ferment (TBFE).

Methods: TBFE was prepared through an innovative mixed-culture fermentation process. The contents of nutrients and bioactive ingredients were quantified by different methods accordingly. Both in vitro tests and randomized controlled human trial were utilized to further demonstrate multifaceted beneficial effects on human skin, as well as the potential mechanisms.

Results: Our results showed that TBFE upregulated the expression of type IV collagen, elastin, aquaporin-3, and dermal-epidermal junction markers, while inhibited production of melanin, in different skin cell models. Moreover, TBFE inhibited the generation of reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory mediators induced by ultraviolet irradiation in normal human keratinocytes, while stimulated autophagy in senescent keratinocytes. Results from clinical studies confirmed those in vitro findings, demonstrating that TBFE at 5% and 20% concentration provides anti-aging properties in subjects with sensitive skin, in terms of improving wrinkles, moisturization, and skin

Conclusions: In summary, we demonstrate that a novel mixed-culture ferment extract has promising anti-aging effects, which may be attributed to anti-oxidation, antiinflammation, and promotion of autophagy in skin cells.

KEYWORDS

anti-aging, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, autophagy, mixed-culture fermentation

Cryptomphalus aspersa Egg Extract Protects against Human Stem Cell Stress-Induced Premature Senescence

Zozo Outskouni 1 , Christina Christodoulou 1 , Andreas Goutas 1,2, Ioannis D. Kyriazis 1 ,Adamantini Paraskevopoulou 3 , George P. Laliotis 4 , Anthia Matsakidou 3 , Athanasios Gogas 5 and Varvara Trachana 1,*

1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larisa, Greece; 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 (Z.O.); 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 (C.C.); 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 (A.G.); 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 (I.D.K.)

2 Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece

3 Laboratory of Food Chemistry & Technology, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 (A.P.); 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 (A.M.)

4 Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece; 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

5 Le Blanc Skincare, 41222 Larisa, Greece; 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 * 

Correspondence: 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

Citation: Outskouni, Z.; Christodoulou, C.; Goutas, A.; Kyriazis, I.D.; Paraskevopoulou, A.; Laliotis, G.P.; Matsakidou, A.; Gogas, A.; Trachana, V. Cryptomphalus aspersa Egg Extract Protects against Human Stem Cell Stress-Induced Premature Senescence. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 3715. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijms25073715

Academic Editor: Carlo Ventura

Received: 7 January 2024

Revised: 23 March 2024

Accepted: 25 March 2024

Published: 27 March 2024

Copyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/)

Abstract: Cellular senescence is a tightly regulated pathophysiologic process and is caused by replicative exhaustion or external stressors. Since naturally derived bioactive compounds with anti-ageing properties have recently captured scientific interest, we analysed the anti-ageing and antioxidant efficacy of Cryptomphalus aspersa egg extract (CAEE). Its effects on stemness, woundhealing properties, antioxidant defense mechanisms, and DNA damage repair ability of Human Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) were analysed. Our results revealed that CAEE fortifies WJ-MSCs stemness, which possibly ameliorates their wound-healing ability. Additionally, we show that CAEE possesses a strong antioxidant capacity as demonstrated by the elevation of the levels of the basic antioxidant molecule, GSH, and the induction of the NRF2, a major antioxidant regulator. In addition, CAEE alleviated cells’ oxidative stress and therefore prevented stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS). Furthermore, we demonstrated that the prevention of SIPS could be mediated via the extract’s ability to induce autophagy, as indicated by the elevation of the protein levels of all basic autophagic molecules and the increase in formation of autophagolysosomes in CAEEtreated WJ-MSCs. Moreover, CAEE-treated cells exhibited decreased Caveolin-1 levels. We propose that Cryptomphalus aspersa egg extract comprises bioactive compounds that can demonstrate strong antioxidant/anti-ageing effects by regulating the Caveolin-1–autophagy–senescence molecular axis.

Keywords: mesenchymal stem cells; senescence; snail egg extract; nutraceuticals

A global perspective on the treatment and maintenance of mature skin using gentle cleansers and moisturizers

Joachim W. Fluhr,1 Andrew F. Alexis,2 Anneke Andriessen,3 Olga L. Ferero Barrios,4 Peter Bjerring,5 Peter Foley,6 Michael H. Gold,7 Hashim Kaderbhai,8 and Chengfeng Zhang9

1 Institute of Allergology, Charite Universitatsmedizin, Berlin, Germany € ,

2 Weill Cornell Medical Medicine, New York, New York, USA, 3 Andriessen Consultants, Malden, The Netherlands, 4 Centro de Dermatologia, Porto Alegre, Brazil,

5 Department of Dermatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark,

6 Skin Health Institute, Carlton, Vic., Australia, 7 Gold Skin Care Center, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, Nashville, TX, USA, 8 Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya; and 9 Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

Keywords

xerosis; ceramide; moisturizers; mature skin; skincare.

Correspondence

Anneke Andriessen

Andriessen Consultants

Zwenkgras 25

6581RK

Malden

The Netherlands

E-mail: 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

Conflict of interest: None.

Funding source: Joachim W. Fluhr, Andrew F. Alexis, Anneke Andriessen, Olga L. Ferero Barrios, Peter Bjerring, Michael H. Gold, Hashim Kaderbhai, and Chengfeng Zhang received support from CeraVe International for the research of this project and consultancy fees for attending the meeting.

Abstract

Xerosis is highly prevalent in the population aged over 50 years and substantially impacts quality of life due to the associated stigma, related pruritus, and potential sequelae. We propose that the term mature xerosis be used for subjects over 50 who suffer from age-related xerosis and replace senile xerosis to describe the phenomenon. The etiology of xerosis depends on genetic and environmental factors that affect stratum corneum hydration and skin barrier function. Skincare to restore barrier function is essential in xerosis treatment and is relevant for maintaining and preventing its progression. Many moisturizers and cleansers are available for xerosis; however, they are underutilized by patients with mature xerosis. A panel of eight global dermatologists reviewed the unique aspects of xerosis in mature skin and discussed the specific needs, relevance, and considerations for skincare selection to prevent, treat, and maintain skin with mature xerosis. The panel selected five statements based on evidence from a literature review and the panel’s clinical experience to provide clinical considerations and recommendations for dermatologists and other healthcare providers treating patients with mature xerosis. Increased recognition of the burden of xerosis in mature skin is warranted. Gentle cleansers and barrier-restoring ceramide-containing moisturizers are essential to xerosis management, reducing signs and symptoms of xerosis, including associated pruritus.