Role of vitamin D and calcium signaling in epidermal wound healing

D. Bikle1

Received: 19 April 2022 / Accepted: 31 July 2022 / Published online: 13 August 2022

© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE) 2022

D. D. Bikle

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1 Department of Medicine and Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, USA

Abstract

Purpose This review will discuss the role of vitamin D and calcium signaling in the epidermal wound response with particular focus on the stem cells of the epidermis and hair follicle that contribute to the wounding response.

Methods Selected publications relevant to the mechanisms of wound healing in general and the roles of calcium and vitamin D in wound healing in particular were reviewed.

Results Following wounding the stem cells of the hair follicle and interfollicular epidermis are activated to proliferate and migrate to the wound where they take on an epidermal fate to re-epithelialize the wound and regenerate the epidermis. The vitamin D and calcium sensing receptors (VDR and CaSR, respectively) are expressed in the stem cells of the hair follicle and epidermis where they play a critical role in enabling the stem cells to respond to wounding. Deletion of Vdr and/or Casr from these cells delays wound healing. The VDR is regulated by co-regulators such as the Med 1 complex and other transcription factors such as Ctnnb (beta-catenin) and p63. The formation of the Cdh1/Ctnn (E-cadherin/catenin) complex jointly stimulated by vitamin D and calcium plays a critical role in the activation, migration, and re-epithelialization processes.

Conclusion Vitamin D and calcium signaling are critical for the ability of epidermal and hair follicle stem cells to respond to wounding. Vitamin D deficiency with the accompanying decrease in calcium signaling can result in delayed and/or chronic wounds, a major cause of morbidity, loss of productivity, and medical expense.

Keywords Vitamin D · Calcium · Keratinocytes · Wounding · p63 · Stem cells

Patients’ perception of changes and consequences after tumor resection

A qualitative study in Austrian patients with musculoskeletal malignancies

Carmen Trost iD Stephan Heisinger · Philipp T. Funovics · Reinhard Windhager · Gerhard M. Hobusch · Tanja Stamm  iD

Received: 16 May 2022 / Accepted: 24 November 2022 © The Author(s) 2023

Summary

      Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and consequences of surgical treatment of patients with musculoskeletal malignancies on everyday Methods A modified form of grounded theory was

used for data collection and analysis. Data collection was systematic and analyzed simultaneously and 16 interviews were conducted: 2 narrative, 11 guided and 3 expert interviews (surgeon, physical therapist, support group). Data collection and analysis alternated until no new codes could be found. Once theoretical saturation was achieved, the main category was formed and described using the literature.

Results The main category results from the combination of all categories and leads to the core category. In the center is the affected person and in the immediate environment are the patient’s relatives/partners. In the next instance the primary care physician is necessary to establish a sense of normalcy. This depends on the individuality of the person and the restored possibilities of movement.

Conclusion Based on the results, the necessity of implementing psychosocial care involving the social environment is shown. The importance of relatives/ partners for recovery is emphasized. Furthermore, the communication between the specialists and family physicians should be simplified.

Availability of data and material The data were pseudonymized/anonymized and stored according to the guidelines of the Medical University of Vienna. The authors have full control of all primary data and agree to allow the journal to review their data if requested.

Code availability The commercial qualitative Software Atlas.ti 1.6.0 (484) (ATLAS.ti Scientific Software Development GmbH [ATLAS.ti 20 Mac] (2020). Retrieved from https:// atlasti.com) has been used for this study. No code is available.

Supplementary Information The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-022-02136-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Dr.scient.med. C. Trost, BA MA ( ) · S. Heisinger · P. T. Funovics · R. Windhager · G. M. Hobusch

Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria

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Keywords Qualitative research · Health-professional patient communication · Patients’ perception · General practitioners · Musculoskeletal malignancies · Patients’ needs

Outcome of burn injury and associated factor among patient visited at Addis Ababa burn, emergency and trauma hospital: a two years hospital-based cross-sectional study

Damena Mulatu1 , Ayalew Zewdie2 , Biruktawit Zemede2 , Bewuketu Terefe3 and Bikis Liyew4*

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4 Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O.BOX 196, Gondar, Ethiopia Full list of author information is available at the end of the article

© The Author(s) 2022. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativeco mmons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

Abstract

Background: Burn is one of the critical health problems worldwide. Developing countries with sub-Saharan and Asian populations are affected more. Its mortality and non-fatal complications depend on several factors including age, sex, residency, cause, the extent of the burn, and time and level of care given.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the outcome of burn injury and its associated factor among patients who visited Addis Ababa burn emergency and trauma hospital.

Methods: The institutional-based, retrospective cross-sectional study design was conducted from April 1, 2019, to March 30, 2021. After checking the data for its consistency the data were entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 25. A total of 241 patients who had visited Addis Ababa burn, emergency and trauma Hospitals after sustained burn injury were recruited through convenience sampling method for final analysis. Model goodness-of-ft was checked by Hosmer and Lemeshow test (0.272). After checking multi-collinearity both the bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression model was fitted and variables having a p-value less than or equal to 0.05 at 95% CI in the multivariable analysis were considered statistically significant.

Result: Adults (age 15 to 60 years) are the most affected groups accounting for 55.2% followed by pediatric age groups (age <15 years) (43.6%) and the elderly (age > 60 years) (1.2%). Scald burn was the major cause accounting for 39 % followed by Flame burn (33.6%), Electrical burn (26.6%), and chemical burn (0.8%). The mean TBSA% was 15.49%, ranging from1% to 64%. Adult males are more affected by electrical burns while adult females and the elderly encounter fame burn. 78.4% of patients were discharged without complications, 14.9% were discharged with complications and 6.6% died. The commonest long-term complication is the amputation of the extremity (19, 7.9%). Age greater than 60 years and TBSA% greater than 30% is a strong predictors of mortality with odds of 2.2 at 95% CI of [1.32, 3.69] and 8.7 at 95% CI of [1.33, 57.32] respectively.

Conclusion and recommendation: The mortality rate show decrement from previous studies. Overall scald burn is common in all age groups but electrical burns and fame burns affected more adult and elderly age groups. Extremities were by far, the commonest affected body parts. The extent of burn injury and the age of the patient independently predict mortality. Early intervention will reduce mortality and complications.

Keywords: Burn injuries, Magnitude, Outcome, Total body surface area percentage, Addis Ababa burn, Emergency and trauma hospital

Compression Therapy in Dermatology

Marco Romanelli1  iD  Flavia Manzo Margiotta1  · Alessandra Michelucci1  · Giammarco Granieri1  · Agata Janowska1  · Valentina Dini1

Marco Romanelli

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1 Dermatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56122 Pisa, Italy Accepted: 8 March 2023 © The Author(s) 2023

Abstract

Purpose of Review The compression therapy provides valuable support during management of vascular and inflammatory lower leg skin disorders. The review outlines the mechanism of action and the treatment options available with indications for use in wound management and general dermatology.

Recent Findings Atypical wounds such as pyoderma gangrenosum, cutaneous vasculitis and other inflammatory skin diseases may benefit from the use of compression therapy. Adherence to treatment is always a challenging aspects for

patients and caregiver, but modern technologies and specific materials have improved the compliance during treatment.

Summary Compression therapy is a main option in vascular ulcer management. The technology provided by different

devices together with new methods of bandaging application have increased the outcomes and acceptability from patients.

Physicians should be aware of the advantages provided by compression therapy in skin diseases.

Keywords Compression therapy · Bandaging system · Chronic wounds · Wound management

A post-market cluster randomized controlled trial of the effect of the TENA SmartCare Change Indicator™ on urinary continence care efficiency and skin health in older nursing home residents

Muyibat Omotunde1 , Fredrik Agholme2 , Arne Böhling3 , Nicole Huige2 , Hardy Schweigel4 , Daniela Hayder‑Beichel5 , Robert Reidy6 and Adrian Wagg1 iD

*Correspondence:

Adrian Wagg

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1 Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada

2 Essity Hygiene & Health AB, 405 03 Gothenburg, Sweden

3 Essity/BSN Medical GmbH, Schützenstraße 1‑3, 22765 Hamburg,Germany

4 Essity/BSN Medical GmbH, Schützenstraße 1‑3, 22761 Hamburg,Germany

5 Department of Health, Hochschule Neiderrhein-University of Applied Sciences, Reinarzstr 49, 47805 Krefeld, Germany

6 Staburo GmbH, Aschauer Strasse 26a, 81549 Munich, Germany

Abstract

Background Urinary continence care for residents of nursing homes who are unable to communicate their toileting needs usually involves care aides manually checking continence products (pads) to determine the level of urine saturation prior to changing. The TENA SmartCare Change Indicator is a medical device which estimates urine saturation and notifies caregivers of the optimal time for pad changes. This study will seek to examine the effect of the TENA SmartCare Change Indicator on urinary continence care efficiency and skin health, in comparison to usual care.

Methods This cluster randomized controlled trial (NCT05247047) involving older nursing home residents with urinary incontinence unable to consistently indicate their toileting needs, and their care aides, will compare technologybased and usual continence care over a period of 8 weeks. Co-primary endpoints of superiority in continence care efficiency and non-inferiority in the maintenance of skin health will be assessed. Secondary outcomes will examine the resident quality of life, sleep quality, responsive behaviours, changes in pad use and leakage episodes outside the pad. Change in care aide work engagement, job satisfaction and rushed tasks will be assessed. Benefits and challenges with the use of the device for continence care will be identified from the perspectives of the care staff.

Discussion Urinary continence assessment and care in nursing homes is reported as suboptimal and threatening to dignity. Data on the utility and effect of technological solutions for improving urinary continence care are few and conflicting. If shown effective, this technological solution has the potential to improve the care for older residents and improve the working lives of caregiving staff who look after this most vulnerable section of the population.

Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05247047. Registration date is Feb 18, 2022

Keywords Caregivers, Care aide continence care, Residents, Older adults, Nursing homes (long-term care facilities), TENA SmartCare Change Indicator, Medical device, Urinary incontinence, Digital health technology

Tcf7l2 in hepatocytes regulates de novo lipogenesis in diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice

Da Som Lee1,2 iD Tae Hyeon An2,3 iD Hyunmi Kim2,3 iD Eunsun Jung4 iD Gyeonghun Kim5 iD Seung Yeon Oh6 iD Jun Seok Kim7 iD Hye Jin Chun8 iD Jaeeun Jung9 iD Eun-Woo Lee2,3 iD Baek-Soo Han3,10 iD Dai Hoon Han11 iD Yong-Ho Lee8,12 iD Tae-Su Han3,4 iD Keun Hur13 iD Chul-Ho Lee3,14 iD Dae-Soo Kim9 iD Won Kon Kim2,3 iD Jun Won Park15 iD Seung-Hoi Koo7 iD Je Kyung Seong5,6 iD Sang Chul Lee2,3 iD Hail Kim1 iD Kwang-Hee Bae2,3 iD Kyoung-Jin Oh2,3

Da Som Lee, Tae Hyeon An and Hyunmi Kim contributed equally to this study.

Received: 7 September 2022 /Accepted: 28 November 2022 / Published online: 10 February 2023

© The Author(s) 2023

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) associated with type 2 diabetes may more easily progress towards severe forms of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. Although the Wnt effector transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) is closely associated with type 2 diabetes risk, the role of TCF7L2 in NAFLD development remains unclear. Here, we investigated how changes in TCF7L2 expression in the liver affects hepatic lipid metabolism based on the major risk factors of NAFLD development.

Methods Tcf7l2 was selectively ablated in the liver of C57BL/6N mice by inducing the albumin (Alb) promoter to recombine Tcf7l2 alleles floxed at exon 5 (liver-specific Tcf7l2-knockout [KO] mice: Alb-Cre;Tcf7l2f/f). Alb-Cre;Tcf7l2f/f and their wildtype (Tcf7l2f/f) littermates were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) for 22 weeks to reproduce NAFLD/ NASH. Mice were refed a standard chow diet or an HCD to stimulate de novo lipogenesis (DNL) or fed an HFD to provide exogenous fatty acids. We analysed glucose and insulin sensitivity, metabolic respiration, mRNA expression profiles, hepatic triglyceride (TG), hepatic DNL, selected hepatic metabolites, selected plasma metabolites and liver histology.

Results Alb-Cre;Tcf7l2f/f essentially exhibited increased lipogenic genes, but there were no changes in hepatic lipid content in mice fed a normal chow diet. However, following 22 weeks of diet-induced NAFLD/NASH conditions, liver steatosis was exacerbated owing to preferential metabolism of carbohydrate over fat. Indeed, hepatic Tcf7l2 deficiency enhanced liver lipid content in a manner that was dependent on the duration and amount of exposure to carbohydrates, owing to cell-autonomous increases in hepatic DNL. Mechanistically, TCF7L2 regulated the transcriptional activity of Mlxipl (also known as ChREBP) by modulating O-GlcNAcylation and protein content of carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP), and targeted Srebf1 (also called SREBP1) via miRNA (miR)-33-5p in hepatocytes. Eventually, restoring TCF7L2 expression at the physiological level in the liver of Alb-Cre;Tcf7l2f/f mice alleviated liver steatosis without altering body composition under both acute and chronic HCD conditions.

Conclusions/interpretation In mice, loss of hepatic Tcf7l2 contributes to liver steatosis by inducing preferential metabolism of carbohydrates via DNL activation. Therefore, TCF7L2 could be a promising regulator of the NAFLD associated with highcarbohydrate diets and diabetes since TCF7L2 deficiency may lead to development of NAFLD by promoting utilisation of excess glucose pools through activating DNL.

Data availability RNA-sequencing data have been deposited into the NCBI GEO under the accession number GSE162449 (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE162449).

Kyoung-Jin Oh 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

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Keywords Carbohydrate . De novo lipogenesis . Fatty acid . Glucose . Insulin . Lipogenesis . NAFLD . TCF7L2 . TG accumulation . Type 2 diabetes

Extended author information available on the last page of the article