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Comparison of Skin Antiseptic Agents and the Role of 0.01% Hypochlorous Acid 2026-08-20 00:00

Ann Q. Tran, MD ; Nicole Topilow, MD; Andrew Rong, MD; Patrice J. Persad, PhD; Michael C. Lee; James H. Lee; Apostolos G. Anagnostopoulos, MD; and Wendy W. Lee, MD, MS

Abstract

Background: Hypochlorous acid (HA) has both anti-microbial and wound-healing properties with a growing role for utilization in pre-procedural care on the face.

Objectives: The authors sought to compare the antiseptic property of 0.01% HA solution, 5% povidone iodine (PI), 4% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG), and 70% isopropyl alcohol (IPA) antiseptic on facial skin.

Methods: This was a prospective single-center clinical trial.

Results: A total of 21 participants were recruited. Bacterial growth was seen in CHG (10%), IPA (71%), PI (81%), and HA (95%) of specimens (P < 0.001). CHG had less growth compared with HA (P = <0.001), IPA (P = <0.001), and PI (P = <0.001). No difference in bacterial growth was noted between HA and IPA (P = 0.063) or HA and PI (P = 0.25). Significant differences in mono-microbial and poly-microbial growth were seen between HA and IPA (P = 0.046) and HA and CHG (P = <0.001). Staphylococcus epidermidis grew less frequently in CHG (10%), followed by IPA (29%), PI (71%), and HA (71%). Staphylococcus capitis grew less frequently in CHG (0%), followed by PI (14%), HA (24%), and IPA (29%).

Conclusions: CHG reduced the bacterial growth compared with HA, PI, and IPA. However, HA, PI, and IPA had insignificant differences in bactericidal effects. Our study provides a supporting role of HA to be considered as an antiseptic.
The Potential Use of Hypochlorous Acid and a Smart Prefabricated Sanitising Chamber to Reduce Occupation-Related COVID-19 Exposure 2026-08-19 00:00

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Hypochlorous Acid as a Potential Wound Care Agent Part I. Stabilized Hypochlorous Acid: A Component of the Inorganic Armamentarium of Innate Immunity 2026-08-18 00:00

Wang L, PhD, ^a Bassiri M, PhD, ^a Najafi R, PhD, ^a Najafi K, MD, ^b Yang J, BS, ^aKhosrovi B, PhD, ^a Hwong W, BS, ^a Barati E, BS, ^a Belisle B, PhD, ^a Celeri C, MS^a , and Robson MC, MD ^c

^aNovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Emeryville, CA; ^bEye Institute San Rafael, CA; and ^c Institute for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Rehabilitation, Bay Pines, FL.

Objective: Hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a major inorganic bactericidal compound of innate immunity, is effective against a broad range of microorganisms. Owing to its chemical nature, HOCl has never been used as a pharmaceutical drug for treating infection. In this article, we describe the chemical production, stabilization, and biological activity of a pharmaceutically useful formulation of HOCl. Methods: Stabilized HOCl is in the form of a physiologically balanced solution in 0.9% saline at a pH range of 3.5 to 4.0. Chlorine species distribution in solution is a function of pH. In aqueous solution, HOCl is the predominant species at the pH range of 3 to 6. At pH values less than 3.5, the solution exists as a mixture of chlorine in aqueous phase, chlorine gas, trichloride (Cl− 3 ), and HOCl. At pH greater than 5.5, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) starts to form and becomes the predominant species in the alkaline pH. To maintain HOCl solution in a stable form, maximize its antimicrobial activities, and minimize undesirable side products, the pH must be maintained at 3.5 to 5. Results: Using this stabilized form of HOCl, the potent antimicrobial activities of HOCl are demonstrated against a wide range of microorganisms. The in vitro cytotoxicity profile in L929 cells and the in vivo safety profile of HOCl in various animal models are described. Conclusion: On the basis of the antimicrobial activity and the lack of animal toxicity, it is predicted that stabilized HOCl has potential pharmaceutical applications in the control of soft tissue infection.

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主任医师、教授、博导，南方医科大学第三附属医院（广东省骨科医院）院长

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主任医师、教授、博导，南方医科大学第三附属医院（广东省骨科医院）院长

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