Kinga Kazimierska 1 , Ilona Szabłowska-Gadomska 2 , Stefan Rudzi ´nski 2 , Katarzyna Ko´sla 3 , Elzbieta Płuciennik ˙ 4 , Łukasz Bobak 5 , Aleksandra Zambrowicz 5 and Urszula Kalinowska-Lis 1,*

1 Department of Cosmetic Raw Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

2 Laboratory for Cell Research and Application, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 (I.S.-G.); 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 (S.R.)

3 Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

4 Department of Functional Genomics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

5 Department of Functional Food Products Development, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Science, 51-640 Wrocław, Poland; 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 (Ł.B.); 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 (A.Z.) * Correspondence: 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

Abstract: Colostrum is gaining popularity in cosmetic products. The present study compared the composition and selected biological properties of colostrum from Polish sheep (colostrum 1) and Swiss sheep (colostrum 2), particularly those that can affect healthy or diseased skin. The antioxidant activity of the colostrums was measured using ABTS and DPPH assays. The effect on the proliferation of human skin fibroblasts, neonatal epidermal keratinocytes, and human diabetic fibroblast (dHF) cells isolated from diabetic foot ulcers was also assayed in vitro by MTT and Presto Blue tests, respectively. The colostrum simulated dHF cell proliferation by up to 115.4%. The highest used concentration of colostrum 1 stimulated normal fibroblast proliferation by 191.2% (24 h) and 222.2% (48 h). Both colostrums inhibited epidermal keratinocyte viability. The influence of the colostrums on the expression of genes related to proliferation (Ki67) and immune response (IL-6, PTGS-2, TSG-6) in dHF cells were compared. Colostrum 1 increased the rate of wound closure (scar test). Analysis of total fat, protein and fatty acid content found the Polish colostrum to be a richer source of fat than the Swiss colostrum, which contained a larger amount of protein. Both colostrums exhibit properties that suggest they could be effective components in cosmetic or medicinal formulations for skin care, especially supporting its regeneration, rejuvenation, and wound healing.

Keywords: antioxidant; cosmetic ingredients; fibroblasts; keratinocytes; gene expression; proliferation; scar test; sheep colostrum; skin diseases

Citation: Kazimierska, K.; Szabłowska-Gadomska, I.; Rudzi ´nski, S.; Ko´sla, K.; Płuciennik, E.; Bobak, Ł.; Zambrowicz, A.; Kalinowska-Lis, U. Biologically Active Sheep Colostrum for Topical Treatment and Skin Care. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 8091. https:// doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158091 Academic Editors: Elzbieta Budzisz and Paulina Mucha

Received: 2 July 2024

Revised: 18 July 2024

Accepted: 23 July 2024

Published: 25 July 2024

Copyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).