Cem Sulu1 , Ipek Pervaz 2 , Turgut Gurer 3 , Dogan Yildiz 2 , Arzu Tas 3 , Ahmet Numan Demir 1 , Serdar Sahin1 , Hande Mefkure Ozkaya1 , Dildar Konukoglu 4 , Abdullah Tuten5 , Taner Damci 1 , Fahrettin Kelestimur 6 and Mustafa Sait Gonen 1*
1 Division of Endocrinology-Metabolism and Diabetes - Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Türkiye,
2Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Türkiye,
3Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Türkiye,
4Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Türkiye,
5 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Türkiye,
6Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye
Objective: To determine rate of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and its related features in women with prediabetes.
Methods: Of 3465 consecutive women applied between 2021 and 2023, 3218 women with diabetes mellitus or conditions affecting gonadal functions were excluded through digital screening and tele-interviews. Remaining 247 women underwent clinical assessments, excluding another 49 due to other endocrine diseases. The diagnosis of PCOS and prediabetes were based on Rotterdam and American Diabetes Association criteria, respectively.
Results: 100 women had prediabetes and 98 women had normoglycemia. The frequency of PCOS were 17% and 19.4% in prediabetes and control groups, respectively (p=0.715). The frequency of PCOS was 24% (6/25) in women with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) only, 22.2% (2/9) in women with impaired fasting glucose only, and 15.5% (9/58) in women who met the HbA1C criterion only. Prediabetes group had higher insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF–1) levels and lower anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels (p<0.05). Insulin was correlated with testosterone, antral follicle count, and ovarian volume only in prediabetes group (p<0.05). Mediation models showed that insulin increased testosterone both directly and indirectly through increasing IGF-1 (b=0.4, p=0.0006).
Conclusion: While the rate of PCOS was not increased in overall prediabetes group, a trend for an increased risk in IGT subgroup only was noteworthy. Positive correlation of insulin with testosterone, antral follicle count, and ovarian volume being only found in prediabetes group suggested that prediabetes might render ovaries susceptible to the PCOS-like changes. The lower AMH in prediabetes implied the toxic effects of even mild hyperglycemia on ovaries.
KEYWORDS
hyperandrogenism, impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, polycystic ovary syndrome, prediabetes
Jakob Starup-Linde1,2*
1 Faculty of Health, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
2 Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital THG, Aarhus, Denmark
Diabetes mellitus is known to have late complications including micro vascular and macro vascular disease. This review focuses on another possible area of complication regarding diabetes; bone. Diabetes may affect bone via bone structure, bone density, and biochemical markers of bone turnover.The aim of the present review is to examine in vivo from humans on biochemical markers of bone turnover in diabetics compared to non-diabetics. Further more, the effect of glycemic control on bone markers and the similarities and differences of type 1- and type 2-diabetics regarding bone markers will be evaluated. A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Cinahl, and SveMed+ with the search terms: “Diabetes mellitus,” “Diabetes mellitus type 1,” “Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus,” “Diabetes mellitus type 2,” “Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus,” “Bone,” “Bone and Bones,” “Bone diseases,” “Bone turnover,” “Hemoglobin A Glycosylated,” and “HbA1C.” After removing duplicates from this search 1,188 records were screened by title and abstract and 75 records were assessed by full text for inclusion in the review. In the end 43 records were chosen. Bone formation and resorption markers are investigated as well as bone regulating systems. T1D is found to have lower osteocalcin and CTX, while osteo calcin and tartrate-resistant acid are found to be lower in T2D, and sclerostin is increased and collagen turnover markers altered. Other bone turnover markers do not seem to be altered in T1D or T2D. A major problem is the lack of histomorphometric studies in humans linking changes in turnover markers to actual changes in bone turnover and further research is needed to strengthen this link.
Keywords: diabetes mellitus, bone, bone turnover, markers of bone turnover, biochemical markers, glycemic contro
原创: 十六点五 中山二院糖尿病足中心
对于外周血管病变的介入治疗,较IWGDF指南较有关OFFLOADING的细节描述,有关介入治疗的部分实在是比较粗慥,目前糖尿病外周血管病变介入治疗的热点问题大部分都没有涉及
对于糖尿病外周血管病变的治疗,2019年版IWGDF指南讲的比较少,无论是内科治疗还是介入治疗,这版的指南都讲得比较少(其实之前版本的IWGDF指南有关血管病变方面的内容更少),而国内糖尿病足指南,提到有关糖尿病外周血管病变治疗,一般都会用比较大的篇幅谈到其内科治疗。
人们对于糖尿病外周血管病变越来越关注,一方面,它是糖尿病足形成的最重要的原因;另一方面,它也是糖尿病进展到一定程度的标志,严重的糖尿病外周血管病变,往往标志着糖尿病进展到晚期,心、肾、脑、眼底等重要脏器的血管也存在严重的问题,而糖尿病足长期的皮肤溃疡不愈合,其产生的大量炎症因子,也会加重这些血管病变,因此,如何评价(诊断)及治疗糖尿病外周血管病变,成为了糖尿病诊断和治疗的最重要的领域。
糖尿病足的预防是各种指南中最重要的部分,无论是国内还是国外的,在各版的IWGDF指南都是重要内容,而且说明得特别详细及有比较多得循证医学的证据支持。但比较几个版本的IWGDF指南及国内外其他指南,这部分是肯定存在的,从中可以看出“糖尿病足的预防”已经深入人心。
伤口世界平台生态圈,以“关爱人间所有伤口患者”为愿景,连接、整合和拓展线上和线下的管理慢性伤口的资源,倡导远程、就近和居家管理慢性伤口,解决伤口专家的碎片化时间的价值创造、诊疗经验的裂变复制、和患者的就近、居家和低成本管理慢性伤口的问题。
2019广东省医疗行业协会伤口管理分会年会
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