Haixia Qi1 · Tao Zhang2 · Lijie Hou3 · Qi LI4 · Ruiping Huang3 · Lihua Ma1,3
Received: 23 December 2024 / Accepted: 29 March 2025 / Published online: 19 April 2025 © The Author(s) 2025, corrected publication 2025
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to comprehensively review the latest advancements in diabetic foot risk prediction models over the past four years to address the severe challenges posed by diabetic foot ulcers, which are among the leading causes of disability and mortality among diabetic patients. Diabetic foot ulcers are characterized by their complex aetiology, pose a grave threat to life and impose enormous social and economic burdens, thus becoming a critical issue in public health that urgently requires attention. By accurately predicting the risk of diabetic foot and implementing early intervention strategies, this study aimed to reduce its incidence and mortality rates.
Methods This study employed a systematic review and comprehensive analysis framework, conducted extensive searches of electronic databases (including PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, etc.) and supplemented these searches with manual literature collection to ensure comprehensive information coverage. During the literature screening and evalua-tion phase, strict adherence to the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria was maintained to guarantee the high qual-ity of the included studies. Further detailed quality assessments, data extraction, and analysis of the selected literature were conducted, with a focus on exploring the construction strategies of risk prediction models, the selection of key variables, the evaluation indicators of model performance, and the validation methods.
Results By comparing and analysing the differences among studies in terms of methodology, model effectiveness, and prac-tical application potential, this study summarized the development trends of diabetic foot risk prediction models and antici-pated future research directions. These findings indicate that with the assistance of advanced diabetic foot risk prediction models, potential risk factors can be identified and addressed early on, thereby effectively reducing the incidence of diabetic foot and significantly improving patients’ quality of life.
Conclusion This study revealed that diabetic foot risk prediction models have significant effects on accurately identifying risk factors and guiding early interventions, serving as effective tools to reduce the incidence of diabetic foot. Through early identification and intervention, the prognosis and quality of life of patients can be significantly improved, providing impor-tant references and guidance for the field of public health.
Keywords Diabetic foot ulcer · High-risk diabetic foot · Diabetes · Prediction model
Gabriele Angelo Vassallo1 · Tommaso Dionisi2,3 · Vittorio De Vita4 · Giuseppe Augello1 ·Antonio Gasbarrini3,5 · Dario Pitocco6 · Giovanni Addolorato2,3
Received: 25 January 2025 / Accepted: 29 March 2025 / Published online: 19 April 2025 © The Author(s) 2025
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy for modulating gut dysbiosis in diabetes mellitus. This review critically evaluates preclinical and clinical evidence on FMT in type 1 (T1D) and type 2 dia-betes (T2D). Studies suggest that FMT can restore microbial diversity, improve glycemic control, and modulate immune responses, with varying effects across diabetes subtypes. In T1D, preclinical models demonstrate that FMT influences regulatory T-cell expansion and β-cell preservation, though clinical translation remains limited. In T2D, FMT has shown transient improvements in insulin sensitivity, with sustained effects observed only in patients with specific microbiome signatures. However, heterogeneity in patient responses, donor variability, and methodological limitations complicate its clinical application. This review highlights the interplay between FMT, immune modulation, and microbial metabolism, advocating for phenotype-stratified trials and multi-omics integration to enhance therapeutic precision.
Keywords Fecal microbiota transplantation · Intestinal Microbiome · Diabetes · Insulin sensitivity · Metabolic syndrome · Beta-cell
Abbreviations
FMT Fecal microbiota transplantation TUDCA Tauroursodeoxycholic acid VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor SCFAs Short-chain fatty acids MMTT Mixed meal tolerance test FVT Fecal virome transplantation OGTT Oral glucose tolerance test SRB Sulfate-reducing bacteria LSI Lifestyle intervention
毕业于上海交通大学医学院，护理学硕士，创面治疗师。2010年起从事创面修复临床实践与研究，主要研究方向为慢性创面的护理与管理。现任上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院伤口、造口、压疮专业小组组长，中国医疗保健国际交流促进会糖尿病足病分会护理学组委员、中国医师协会显微外科医师分会伤口治疗师专业委员会委员。
护理学本科毕业，上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院烧伤科总带教、创面修复中心护理组长、创面治疗师、中国创面修复专科建设“1239”三年行动计划专家委员会委员。
上海交大医学院附属瑞金医院创面修复 创面治疗师 、上海市创面修复研究中心主管护师、中国医疗保健国际交流促进会创面修复与再生分会青年委员、全国创面修复专科联盟1239项目成员。
医学博士，教授、博士生导师，现任上海交通大学医学院科技发展处副处长、上海市烧伤研究所副所长。
现任解放军第三O四医院全军创伤修复重点实验室主任，全军烧伤研究所副所长兼基础研究部主任。主要领域涉及创伤弹道学、生长因子生物学、干细胞诱导分化与组织再生、严重创伤重要内脏缺血性损伤的主动修复与再生等长期从事创伤和创伤后。
原创：伤口、造口、失禁护理俱乐部
伤口世界平台生态圈，以“关爱人间所有伤口患者”为愿景，连接、整合和拓展线上和线下的管理慢性伤口的资源，倡导远程、就近和居家管理慢性伤口，解决伤口专家的碎片化时间的价值创造、诊疗经验的裂变复制、和患者的就近、居家和低成本管理慢性伤口的问题。
2019广东省医疗行业协会伤口管理分会年会
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