H.Guan1,M.Nuth1, S.R. Weiss2, A. Fausto2, Y. Liu3, H. Koo3, M.S. Wolff4 , and R.P. Ricciardi1,5
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has escalated the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the dental practice, especially as droplet-aerosol particles are generated by high-speed instruments. This has heightened awareness of other orally transmitted viruses, including influenza and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1), which are capable of threatening life and impairing health. While current disinfection procedures commonly use surface wipe-downs to reduce viral transmission, they are not fully effective. Consequently, this provides the opportunity for a spectrum of emitted viruses to reside airborne for hours and upon surfaces for days. The objective of this study was to develop an experimental platform to identify a safe and effective virucide with the ability to rapidly destroy oral viruses transported within droplets and aerosols. Our test method employed mixing viruses and virucides in a fine-mist bottle atomizer to mimic the generation of oral droplet-aerosols. The results revealed that human betacoronavirus OC43 (related to SARS-CoV-2), human influenza virus (H1N1), and HSV1 from atomizer-produced droplet-aerosols were each fully destroyed by only 100 ppm of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) within 30 s, which was the shortest time point of exposure to the virucide. Importantly, 100 ppm HOCl introduced into the oral cavity is known to be safe for humans. In conclusion, this frontline approach establishes the potential of using 100 ppm HOCl in waterlines to continuously irrigate the oral cavity during dental procedures to expeditiously destroy harmful viruses transmitted within aerosols and droplets to protect practitioners, staff, and other patients.
Keywords: virucide, saliva, infection, high-speed instruments, waterlines, prevention
Tingting Yin1 , Qiaowen Li2 , Huan Sun3 , Jin Zheng4 , Yuanyuan Wang5 , Yi Luo6 and Li Wang7*
Background This work intended to assess the disinfection efficacy of hypochlorous acid (HA) and silver nanoparticles (AgNP) disinfectants in disinfecting the dental unit waterlines (DUWL) during comprehensive oral treatment and explore their potential applications in the oral medical environment. Methods: Firstly, AgNP solution was prepared and evaluated through X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission transmission electron microscope (FE-TEM), and stability tests. Subsequently, 15 dental units were selected and randomly assigned to three groups, each receiving a different disinfection method. Specifically, one group (5 units) received HA disinfectant (HA group), one group (5 units) received AgNP disinfectant (AgNP group), and another group (5 units) received a combination of HA and AgNP disinfectant (HA+AgNP group). Bacterial counts before and after disinfection were compared and analyzed at four sites on the dental units: high-speed handpiece tubing, mouthwash, ultrasonic scaler, and three-way syringe.
Results The growth of biofilm on the waterlines was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser confocal microscopy (LCM). The results indicated that AgNP solution was successfully prepared and demonstrated excellent stability. There was no significant difference in the average weekly number of patients treated across the three groups (P>0.05). After disinfection, bacterial counts were significantly reduced in all groups. Compared to the HA and AgNP groups, the HA+AgNP group exhibited a markedly lower bacterial count, with statistical significance (P<0.05). The compliance rates observed during the first disinfection and two weeks post-disinfection were slightly lower in the HA and AgNP groups compared to the HA+AgNP group, although no significant statistical difference was found (P>0.05). SEM images revealed uneven biofilm plaques on the inner surface of the pipes prior to disinfection, embedded within a dense matrix, while the biofilm was visibly disrupted post-disinfection. LCM software analysis showed that, compared to the HA and AgNP groups, the HA+AgNP group had a significantly lower percentage of live bacteria on the biofilm post-disinfection (P<0.05).
Conclusion Compared to any single disinfectant regimen, the combined use of HA and AgNPs effectively inhibited bacterial growth and exerted a significant destructive effect on biofilms. Therefore, this combination is expected to be a viable option for disinfection of DUWL in the oral healthcare setting.
Clinical trial number Not applicable.
Keywords Dentistry, Therapeutics, Waterline disinfectant, Hypochlorous acid, Silver nanoparticles
Issue: Volume 64 - Issue 11 - November 2018 ISSN 1943-2720
Authors
Seher Ünver
Sala Abdalla
Rosaria Scarpinata
Nancy A. Faller
伤口世界平台生态圈，以“关爱人间所有伤口患者”为愿景，连接、整合和拓展线上和线下的管理慢性伤口的资源，倡导远程、就近和居家管理慢性伤口，解决伤口专家的碎片化时间的价值创造、诊疗经验的裂变复制、和患者的就近、居家和低成本管理慢性伤口的问题。
2019广东省医疗行业协会伤口管理分会年会
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