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Cortical-blood vessel assembloids exhibit Alzheimer’s disease phenotypes by activating glia after SARS-CoV-2 infection

Dasom Kong^1,4, Ki Hoon Park^2,4, Da-Hyun Kim¹ , Nam Gyo Kim¹ , Seung-Eun Lee¹ , Nari Shin¹ , Myung Geun Kook¹ ,

Young Bong Kim^3✉ and Kyung-Sun Kang^1✉

A correlation between COVID-19 and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been proposed recently. Although the number of case reports on neuroinflammation in COVID-19 patients has increased, studies of SARS-CoV-2 neurotrophic pathology using brain organoids have

restricted recapitulation of those phenotypes due to insufficiency of immune cells and absence of vasculature. Cerebral pericytes and endothelial cells, the major components of blood-brain barrier, express viral entry receptors for SARS-CoV-2 and response to

systemic inflammation including direct cell death. To overcome the limitations, we developed cortical-blood vessel assembloids by fusing cortical organoid with blood vessel organoid to provide vasculature to brain organoids a nd obtained the characteristics of increased expression of microglia and astrocytes in brain organoids. Furthermore, we observed AD pathologies, including β-amyloid plaques, which were affected by the inflammatory response from SARS-CoV-2 infection. These findings provide an advanced platform to investigate human neurotrophic diseases, including COVID-19, and suggest that neuroinflammation caused by viral infection facilitates AD pathology.

Cell Death Discovery (2023) 9:32 ; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41420-022-01288-8

An Acid-Oxidising Solution Containing Hypochlorous Acid Reduces Staphylococcus aureus and Improves Bacterial Diversity in Epidermolysis Bullosa Wounds

Lynna Yang1 | Stephanie Rangel1 | Lydia Rabbaa1 | Amy S. Paller¹

¹Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA | 2Department of Biology, Loyola University

Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA | 3Genomics and Microbiome Core Facility, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA

Correspondence: Amy S. Paller (该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。)

Received: 6 February 2025 | Revised: 6 June 2025 | Accepted: 3 August 2025

Funding: This work was supported by Applied Pharma Research.

ABSTRACT

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of rare genetic skin disorders characterised by skin fragility and chronic, painful wounds that are highly susceptible to bacterial infection, particularly by Staphylococcus aureus (SA). This study evaluated the efficacy of an acid-oxidising solution containing hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in reducing SA colonisation, promoting wound healing, and restoring a healthier microbiome in EB wounds. In a 12-week open-label pilot study, 15EB patients applied the HOCl-based spray (APR-TD011) daily to chronic wounds for 8weeks, with full-length 16S rRNA sequencing of wound swabs performed before, during, and after treatment. At baseline, 87% of patients were culture-positive for SA, and sequencing revealed that SA had the highest relative abundance (34%), followed by Acinetobacter guillouiae and Pseudomonas poae. SA relative abundance decreased precipitously by Weeks 4 (to 11%) and 8 (primary endpoint; to 10%, p<0.01), and this effect persisted at 4weeks post-treatment (Week 12; to 9.7%), including for methicillin-resistant SA. Concurrently, bacterial diversity increased, and wound sizes diminished in correlation with reduced SA levels (r=0.64). Younger patients exhibited greater SA reduction trends. The treatment was well-tolerated, with minimal adverse effects and high patient satisfaction. This study underscores the role of microbial dysbiosis in EB wounds and highlights HOCl-based solutions as a promising therapy to mitigate pathogenic burden and enhance wound healing.

糖尿病足溃疡创面治疗专家共识(２０２４)

中华医学会内分泌学分会中国内分泌代谢病专科联盟

【提要】糖尿病足溃疡(diabetic foot ulcer,DFU)是糖尿病患者致残、致死的主因之一,致病因素复杂,严重危及生命,带来巨大的社会和经济负担。本共识专家组结合最新临床研究进展,总结我国糖尿病足溃疡的临床诊疗经验,从糖尿病足溃疡评估、整体治疗与创面修复治疗等方面形成共识,指导临床实践。

【关键词】糖尿病;糖尿病足溃疡;创面修复;创面敷料;共识

DO1:10.3760/cma.j.cn311282-20240625-00281

Expert consensus on wound treatment of diabetic foot ulcer( 2024)

Chinese Society of Edndocrinology , China Endocrinology and Metabolism Specialist Alliance

【Summary) Diabetic foot ulcer ( DFU) is one of the main causes of disability and death in diabeticpatients. This life-threatening condition arises from complex pathogenic factors , leading to substaintial societal andeconomic burdens. The expert group summarizes the latest research worldwide and the experience of clinical diagnosisand treatment of DFU in China. To guide clinical practice，the consensus forms from the aspects of evaluation,systemic treatment ,and DFU wound therapeutics.

【Key words】Diabetes mellitus;Diabetic foot ulcer; Wound healing; Wound dressing ; Consensus

DOI: 10.3760/ cma.j.cn311282-20240625-00281

腋臭微创清除术护理研究进展综述

利宝平，童梅，林敏华

广州市海珠区妇幼保健院广东广州

【摘要】腋臭微创清除术是当前治疗腋臭的常见方法，而专业到位的腋臭微创清除术护理，是提升手术效果、

加快患者康复进度的必要条件。本文主要对腋臭微创清除术的护理研究进展进行全面分析，重点阐明术前、术中、

术后等护理环节要点，以期为腋臭微创清除术护理实践提供相应指导依据。

【关键词】腋臭微创清除术；护理；研究进展

【收稿日期】2025 年 11 月 13 日【出刊日期】2025 年 12 月 10 日【DOI】10.12208/j.ijnr.20250621

A review of nursing research progress in minimally invasive surgery for axillary osmidrosis

Baoping Li, Mei Tong, Minhua Lin

Haizhu District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong

【Abstract】Minimally invasive surgery for axillary osmidrosis is a common treatment for bromhidrosis. High-quality nursing care plays a crucial role in improving surgical outcomes and promoting patient recovery. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of research progress in nursing care for minimally invasive axillary osmidrosis surgery, with a focus on preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative nursing. The aim is to offer practical guidance for clinical nursing practice in this field.

【Keywords】Minimally invasive surgery for axillary osmidrosis; Nursing; Research progress

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Hypochlorous Acid for Wound Healing in Diabetic Rats: Effect on MMP-9 and Histology 2026-09-18 00:00

Dita Mutiara Irawan ¹ , Ronny Lesmana²^–⁴ , Edhyana Sahiratmadja 4

¹Graduate School of Master Program in Anti Aging and Aesthetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran,Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia;²Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia; ³Division of Biological Activity, Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia; ⁴Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia

Correspondence: Dita Mutiara Irawan, Email 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

Background: People who suffered type 2 diabetes have impaired healing of wounds due to the large number of circulating inflammatory cells resulting from high blood sugar levels. The wound healing process involves various complex processes including

the degradation of extracellular matrix, a process characterized by an increase in matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Conventional management of diabetic wounds usually involves systemic blood sugar control and topical antimicrobial treatment, including hydrogen peroxide and povidone-iodine, which are known to be cytotoxic to the cells involved in the wound healing cascade. Finding a safe, non-toxic, and effecting wound cleansing still poses a challenge, and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) could act as a potential candidate.

Purpose: Unveiling an HOCl ion as an agent for diabetic wound management and MMP-9 as a marker for delayed diabetic wound

Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Flow Diagram is used to find and select related, eligible literatures for the review. The authors used several databases such as Pro Quest, Scopus, Springer link and

Science Direct. In addition, and to expand the data, the database on Google Scholar was also opened. Then, the compiled data are analyzed to form results and discussions to the research question.

Results: Five eligible articles passed the inclusion criteria and reviewed for data synthesis. From 5 pieces of literature, it was found that the use of HOCl ions can be a good choice of topical agent in the management of diabetic wounds and decrease the activity of

MMP-9, which act as a marker for delayed healing of diabetic wounds.

Conclusion: Topical agent, in this case HOCl ion, shows good results and can be used as an option in the management of diabetic wounds and MMP-9 can be used as a predictive marker in the management of diabetic wounds.

Keywords: diabetic wound, HOCl ion, hypochlorite acid, MMP-9, wound healing
Antimicrobial Hypochlorous Wound Irrigation Solutions Demonstrate Lower Anti-biofilm Efficacy Against Bacterial Biofilm in a Complex in-vitro Human Plasma Biofilm Model (hpBIOM) Than Common Wound Antimicrobials 2026-09-17 00:00

Julian-Dario Rembe¹*†, Lioba Huelsboemer²^†, Isabell Plattfaut², Manuela Besser² and Ewa K. Stuermer³

¹Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany,²Chair for Translational Wound Research, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany, ³Department of Vascular Medicine, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Translational Wound Research, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

Biofilms pose a relevant factor for wound healing impairment in chronic wounds.With 78% of all chronic wounds being affected by biofilms, research in this area is of high priority, especially since data for evidence-based selection of appropriate antimicrobials and antiseptics is scarce.Therefore,the objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-biofilm efficacy of commercially available hypochlorous wound irrigation solutions compared to established antimicrobials.Using an innovative complex in-vitro human plasma biofilm model(hpBIOM),quantitative reduction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Staphylococcus aureus,and Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) biofilms by three hypochlorous irrigation solutions[two polyhexanide (PHMB)irrigation solution and 0.1%octenidine-dihydrochloride/phenoxyethanol(OCT/PE).Efficacy was compared to a non-challenged planktonic approach,as well as with increased substance volume over a prolonged exposure (up to 72 h).Qualitative visualization of biofilms was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Both reference agents(OCT/PE and PHMB)induced significant biofilm reductions within 72 h,whereby high volume OCT/PE even managed complete eradication of P. aeruginosa and MRSA biofilms after72 h.The tested hypochlorous wound irrigation solutions achieved no relevant penetration and eradication of biofilms despite increased volume and exposure. Only 0.2% NaClO managed a low reduction under prolonged exposure.The results demonstrate that low-dosed hypochlorous wound irrigation solutions are significantly less effective than PHMB-based irrigation solution and OCT/PE, thus unsuitable for biofilm eradication on their own. The used complex hpBIOM thereby mimics the highly challenging clinical wound microenvironment, providing a more profound base for future clinical translation.

Keywords: wound infection, biofilm, antimicrobial, antiseptic, hypochlorous acid, human plasma bioflm model, wound irrigation, chronic wound
Narrowing the chromosome 22q11.2 locus duplicated in bladder exstrophyeepispadias complex 2026-09-16 00:00

Glenda M. Beaman ^a^,^b, Adrian S. Woolf ^c^,^d, Filipa M. Lopes ^c, Shuang Andrew Guo ^e^,^f^,^{g, J}. Robert Harkness ^a^,b, Raimondo M. Cervellione ^d, David Keene ^d, Imran Mushtaq ^h, Menna R. Clatworthy ^f^,^g^,^h, William G. Newman ^a^,b,*

Summary

Introduction

Bladder exstrophyeepispadias complex (BEEC) comprises a spectrum of anterior midline congenital malformations, involving the lower urinary tract. BEEC is usually sporadic, but families with more than one affected member have been reported, and a twin concordance study supported a genetic contribution to pathogenesis. Moreover, diverse chromosomal aberrations have been reported in a small subset of individuals with BEEC. The commonest are 22q11.2 microduplications, identiﬁed in approximately 3% of BEEC index cases.

Objectives

We aimed to reﬁne the chromosome 22q11.2 locus, and to determine whether the encompassed genes are expressed in normal developing and mature human urinary bladders.

Results

Using DNA from an individual with CBE, the 22q11.2 duplicated locus was reﬁned by identiﬁcation of a maternally inherited 314 kb duplication (chr22:21,147,293e21,461,017), as depicted in this image. Moreover, the eight protein coding genes within the locus were found to be expressed during normal developing and mature bladders. To determine whether duplications in any of these individual genes were associated with CBE, we undertook copy number analyses in 115 individuals with CBE without duplications of the whole locus. No duplications of individual genes were found.

Discussion

The current study has reﬁned the22q11.2locus associated with BEEC and has shown that the eight protein coding genes are expressed in human bladders both during antenatal development and postnatally. Nevertheless, the precise biological explanation as to why duplication of the phenocritical region of22q11 confers increased susceptibility to BEEC remains to be determined. The fact that individuals with CBE without duplications of the whole locus also lacked duplication of any of the individual genes suggests that in individuals with BEEC and duplication of the 22q11.2 locus altered dosage of more than one gene may be important in BEEC etiology.

Conclusions

The study has reﬁned the 22q11.2 locus associated with BEEC and has shown that the eight protein coding genes within this locus are expressed in human bladders.

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主任医师、教授、博导，南方医科大学第三附属医院（广东省骨科医院）院长

文献精选

Cortical-blood vessel assembloids exhibit Alzheimer’s disease phenotypes by activating glia after SARS-CoV-2 infection

An Acid-Oxidising Solution Containing Hypochlorous Acid Reduces Staphylococcus aureus and Improves Bacterial Diversity in Epidermolysis Bullosa Wounds

糖尿病足溃疡创面治疗专家共识(２０２４)

腋臭微创清除术护理研究进展综述

学术会议

伤口世界提示

Custom Mod Mega1

主任医师、教授、博导，南方医科大学第三附属医院（广东省骨科医院）院长

文献精选

Cortical-blood vessel assembloids exhibit Alzheimer’s disease phenotypes by activating glia after SARS-CoV-2 infection

An Acid-Oxidising Solution Containing Hypochlorous Acid Reduces Staphylococcus aureus and Improves Bacterial Diversity in Epidermolysis Bullosa Wounds

糖尿病足溃疡创面治疗专家共识(２０２４)

腋臭微创清除术护理研究进展综述

消息订阅

学术会议

伤口世界提示