A.Giaccari1 · G. Gliozzo1 · G. Ciccarelli1 · G. Di Giuseppe1 · C. Castellano2 · S. Cum3 · L. Delle Monache4,13 · M. Gallo5 ·M.Lastretti6 · G. Medea7 · M. Monesi8 · R. Napoli9 · B. Pintaudi10 · E. Succurro11 · G. Turchetti
Received: 9 January 2026 / Accepted: 17 March 2026 © The Author(s) 2026
Abstract
Background and aims Although continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices are now standard of care among Type 1 diabetes patients, they are still relatively underutilized in Type 2 diabetes (T2D), particularly in those patients not treated with insulin. Widespread adoption continues to be hindered by a combination of factors. Chief among these is the scarcity of long-term, large-scale clinical trials demonstrating the benefits of the use of CGM in T2D. This meta-analysis aimed to address this gap by comparing CGM with self-blood glucose monitoring (SBMG), with primary outcomes of HbA1c and time in range (TIR) in insulin-treated and non-insulin-treated TD2 patients.
Methods and results Following the stringent rules mandated by our National Health Service (which requires a panel com-posed of all stakeholders involved in diabetes treatment, and includes PICO, GRADE, AGREE, and meta-analyses), we performed a systematic review of RCTs that enrolled two groups of individuals with T2D, those treated with insulin (includ-ing basal and basal-bolus regimens), and those receiving treatments other than insulin. All included trials compared CGM with structured blood glucose monitoring (SBGM) with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as the main endpoint. Based on the strength and consistency of the evidence, the panel issued a strong recommendation in favor of CGM for individuals with T2D treated with insulin (including those on basal insulin alone) and for individuals with T2D not treated with insulin, par-ticularly for those with glycated hemoglobin levels≥7%. From a pharmacoeconomic perspective, outcomes were positive in both patient groups.
Conclusion CGM represents a clinically effective and cost-efficient approach to optimizing glycemic control in T2D, becom-ing mandatory among individuals on insulin therapy. Our findings support a shift in clinical practice toward the more widespread use of CGM in T2D, with regulatory frameworks and reimbursement policies needing to adapt accordingly.
Keywords CGM · Type 2 Diabetes · Metanalysis · PICO · GRADE · Guidelines
Communicated by Massimo Federici, M.D.
A. Giaccari 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。
1 Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS and Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
2 Azienda USL of Modena, Sassuolo Hospital, Sassuolo, Italy
3 Diabetes and Diabetic Foot Care Unit, ASUGI, Monfalcone, Italy
4 National Board Member of FAND (Italian Association for the Rights of Diabetic People), Roma, Italy
5 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, AO SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
6 Order of Psychologists of Lazio, Rome, Italy
7 Italian Society of General Medicine (SIMG), Florence, Italy
8 Territorial Diabetology Unit, AUSL Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
9 Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
10 Diabetes Unit, Niguarda Cà Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
11 Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
12 Institute of Management, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
13 Patient Advocacy Lab, ALTEMS – Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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引用本文：简喜超, 简扬, 邓呈亮. 2025版《中国糖尿病足防治实践指南》解读[J]. 中华医学美学美容杂志, 2026, 32(2): 99-103. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn114657-20251215-00266.
通信作者：邓呈亮，Email：该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。
Background: Parafricta bootees are made of low friction material intended to prevent heel pressure ulcers (PU).
Aims: To compare, in hospitalised patients, whether the bootees, added to standard care (SC), prevent heel PU compared with SC alone.
Methods: Patients with Waterlow score ≥20 and no heel PUs at baseline were randomly allocated to either bootees plus SC, or SC alone. Target sample size was 450 patients. Patients’ heels were clinically assessed for heel PUs at day 3 and day 14.
Results: Slow recruitment stopped the study early. In 31 recruited patients there were zero incident heel PUs (intervention group, 0%) versus 1 (SC group, 6%) at day 3 and no new heel pressure ulcers at Day 14.
Conclusion: This study failed to reach sufficient statistical power to assess the efficacy of the bootees in preventing heel PUs. No adverse events were related to the bootees. Only 1 patient in the SC group developed a heel PU.
KEY WORDS: Pressure ulcer Bootees Friction Medical device-related pressure ulcers Shear
ANDREW CLEVES, Researcher, Cedar, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff Medicentre , University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff
NICOLA IVINS, Clinical Research Director, Welsh Wound Innovation Centre, Rhodfa Marics, Ynysmaerdy, Pontyclun
MICHAEL CLARK, Commercial Director, Welsh Wound Innovation Centre, Rhodfa Marics, Ynysmaerdy, Pontyclun
GRACE CAROLAN-REES, Cedar Director (Retired), Cedar, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff Medicentre, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff
NIA JONES, Advanced Clinical Podiatrist, seconded to the Welsh Would Innovation Centre, Rhodfa Marics, Ynysmaerdy, Pontyclun.
JUDITH WHITE, Researcher, Cedar, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff Medicentre, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff.
RHYS MORRIS,Cedar Director, Cedar, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff Medicentre, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff
Introduction: This survey of wound care specialists in the UK aims to be the first study to establish the prevalence of mobile wound app use and the perceived barriers to their implementation in wound care. This article presents the quantitative findings of the study.
Method: A cross-sectional survey of UK-based wound clinicians was undertaken to explore the current use of mobile applications in the field of wound care. A 40 question SurveyMonkey survey was used and distributed via closed Facebook groups for clinicians working in UK-based wound care services. Data analysis included calculation of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for attitude scales, summary statistics and thematic analysis of free text responses. Not reported in this paper The STROBE checklist was considered within the methodology of the study.
Results: Overall, n=250 survey responses were received. Complete survey responses were received from n=153 wound clinicians. This included responses from 121 nurses and 29 podiatrists and from clinicians from all four devolved nations of the UK. Only 21–24% of clinicians reported using mobile applications for wound care at the time of this survey. Almost all (99.5%) of clinicians responding to the survey have access to a smartphone with most (58.7%) having both a personal and work smartphone
Conclusions: It is evident that UK-based clinicians currently use mobile smartphones regularly, including within their clinical work, but do not currently use wound care focussed mobile applications. Barriers affecting the implementation of mobile applications in wound care services include a lack of interoperability between mobile applications and other IT infrastructure, poor Wi-Fi signal, negative attitudes towards technology, a lack of workforce diversity and bureaucratic obstructions.
Implications for practice: Clinical leaders in wound care should consider the factors identified within this study when developing implementation strategies for new mobile application technologies into wound care services.
KEY WORDS Digital Attitudes Barriers Enablers Wound healing
MATTHEW WYNN Lecturer in Adult Nursing, University of Salford Correspondence: Room 3.42 Mary Seacole Building, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4BR, m. 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。
MICHAEL CLARK Professor, Commercial Director, Welsh Wound Innovation Centre, Rhodfa Marics, Ynysmaerdy, Pontyclun
Abstract: The care and management of surgical incisional wounds continues to attract both interest and concern, due to continued high rates of surgical site infection (SSI) and morbidity. Novel approaches to objective wound assessment using non invasive imaging modalities show promise in providing independent, objective wound assessment but only with the proviso that the wound is visible and can be ‘seen’ by the imaging detector.
Methods: An online semi-structured questionnaire was distributed via Survey Monkey to tissue viability nurses. Data was summarised descriptively, with responses relating to participant demographics and use of wound dressings tabulated. Key variables were also cross tabulated to investigate possible associations between variables. An economic analysis was conducted to estimate average weekly costs associated with changing and applying dressings, including both staff and equipmen costs.
Conclusion: The largest type of dressing products currently in use were non adherent. Dressing changes took place approximately twice per week: more frequently if wounds were assessed/diagnosed as infected. The majority of wound assessment and dressing changes were undertaken by band 5, 6 or 7 nurses. There is a potential role for non-invasive infrared thermography to stratify risk of later SSI based upon the temperature distribution across wound site and adjacent skin territories. Early and objective interventions for early wound infection can reduce hospital inpatient stay, community visits, antimicrobial usage, patient morbidity and healthcare costs related to wound infection.
KEY WORDS Imaging Infrared Dressing change Dressings, treatment Pay grade Regime Sonography Surgical wound
PASANG TAMANG Postgraduate Researcher School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, UK.
CHARMAINE CHILDS PhD, Professor of Clinical Science, College of Health, Wellbeing and Life Sciences, Sheffield Hallam University, UK JOHN STEPHENSON, PhD, Senior Lecturer in Biomedical Statistics, Institute of Skin Integrity and Infection Prevention, School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield KAREN OUSEY, PhD, Professor of Skin Integrity, Director for the Institute of Skin Integrity and Infection Prevention - University of Huddersfield Department of Nursing
SAMANTHA HOLLOWAY Academic Editor, Wounds UK; Reader, Programme Director, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff
For many years infection has been the leading cause of implant failure and different approaches have been used to overcome the difficulties faced with infection management. Commonly, implant infection occurs due to biofilm formation, and a better understanding of this has led to the prevention of biofilm formation. The coating of implants with antibiotics and other antimicrobials has been done for the past decades and recently, noble metal nanoparticles have been used as an alternative to titanium alloys. This case series will describe three different patients for whom antibiofilm coated implants were used with a good clinical outcome.
Key words: ■ Bactiguard coating ■ Orthopaedic prosthetic infection ■ Noble metal nanoparticle coating
Dato Dr Badrul Akmal Hisham Md Yusoff, Consultant Orthopaedic & Sports Surgeon Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz,UKM Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia; Dr Mohamed Razzan Rameez, Medical Officer, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz,UKM Medical Centre,Kuala Lumpur Malaysia; Dr Ahmad Farihan Mohd Don, Consultant Orthopaedic & Sports Surgeon Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz,UKM Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia; Dr Muhamad Karbela Reza Bin Ramlan, Specialist Orthopaedic & Sports Surgeon, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology Hospital Canselor Tuanku, Muhriz, UKM Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Continued on page 28;
Dr Norlelawati Mohamad, Consultant in Sports Physician, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, UKM Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Professor Harikrishna KR Nair, Head of the Wound Care Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Kuala Lumpur Malaysia; Declaration of Interest: The authors no conflict of interest with regards to this work. The Bactiguard coated implant used was sourced from Vigilenz Medical Devices Sdn Bhd.
付小兵' '解放军总医院第四医学中心，北京100048通信作者:付小兵，Email :fuxiaobing@ vip. sina. com,电话:010 - 66867396
[摘要]本文基于国家 卫生健康委刚刚发布的“关于加强体表慢性难愈合创面(溃疡)诊疗管理工作的通知”精神以及同时发布的有关“医疗机构创面修复科基本标准”和“创面修复科临床医师,护士基本技能要求”两个指导性文件,结合前期我们在探索建立创面修复学科体系的具体实践，分几个方面就如何高质量高水平建设具有中国特色的创面修复科进行解读,并提出相关建议，仅供读者参考。
[关键词]创面; 修复;国家 卫生健康委D0I: 10.3760/cma. j. issn. 1001 - 8050. 2020. 03. 000Application of constructing standardized and well - developed wound repair department in China Fu Xiaobing Fourth Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048 , China Corresponding author: Fu Xiaobing, Email fuxiaoobing@ rip. sina. com, Tel :0086 66867396
[Abstract] Bused on the spirit of the regulations about diagnosis and treatment of chronic skin wounds and its standardization for doctors and muses just issued by National Health and Health Commission and our practices in this field, we offer our understanding and comments for these standardization. We emphasize that a well-developed wound repair department with Chinese characteristic in China will be build with the standardization. The aim will offer the high quality and excellent service for these patients.
[Key words] Wounds; Repair; National Health and Health Commission
DOI:10. 3760/cma. j. issn. 1001 - 8050.2020. 01.000
伤口世界平台生态圈，以“关爱人间所有伤口患者”为愿景，连接、整合和拓展线上和线下的管理慢性伤口的资源，倡导远程、就近和居家管理慢性伤口，解决伤口专家的碎片化时间的价值创造、诊疗经验的裂变复制、和患者的就近、居家和低成本管理慢性伤口的问题。
2019广东省医疗行业协会伤口管理分会年会
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